autocontrol

2018-01-14  本文已影响35人  30fd099ab263

s=tf('s') 转换laplace

X=zpk(minreal(inv(s*eye(x的维度=N)-A)*(B*U+x0)))

A,B,X0,U known

[num_X1,den_X1]=tfdata(X(1),'v')

[r1,p1]=residue(num_X1,den_X1)

这里r1 和 p1 是对应的,之后x(1)。。。分别求出

Y=zpk(minreal(C*inv(s*eye(2)-A)*(B*U+x0)))

[num_Y,den_Y]=tfdata(Y,'v')

[r,p]=residue(num_Y, den_Y)

find magnitude and phase

>> M=abs(r(1)), 2*M
>> phi=angle(r(1))

y(t) = [(2Me^-3t)cos(2t+0.58)−0.15]ε(t)

y(t)=2\*abs(r(1))exp(real(p(1)))\*cos((abs(imag(p(1)))\*t+angle(r(1)))+r(3))

residue的结果是根据指数从小到大排列的

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stability 研究state matrix的特征值情况

1.internally stable
所有特征值的实数部分<=0
而且geometric multiplicity of eigenvalues is 1 的特征值实数部分为0
if the zero input state response xzi(t) is bounded for any initial state x0
2.asymptotically stable
if the zero input response xzi(t) converges to 0, as t ∞, for any initial state x0
所有特征值的实数部分<0
3.unstable
if the zero input state response xzi(t) is unbounded
特征值全部>0 ,而且小于零的 geometric multiplicity大于1

BIBO stable

An LTI system is BIBO stable if and only if all the poles of the transfer function have strictly negative real parts

minimal

Are such that ρ(MC) = ρ(MO) = n, where n = dim(x )
M_C=ctrb(A,B)
r=rank(M_C)
M_O=obsv(A,C)
o=rank(M_O)

if (r==0 && r==dim(x) ) ,那么这个LTI sys(A,B,C,D) 就是minimal

relations between internal stable and BIBO stable

internal stability.Asimptotically stable====>>>BIBO stability.stable


Examples

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matlab DCGAIN

H=1/((s+2)*(s+10)); transfer func,K = dcgain(H) and k=0.05

The statement dcgain can also be used to compute the generalized steady-state gain (generalized dc-gain) K = lim s r H (s )

s=tf('s');
>> H=1/(s*(s+2)^2);
>> K = dcgain(s*H)

sinusoid input

s=tf('s');
>> H=1/((s+2)*(s+10)); >> w0=0.5;
>> [m,f]=bode(H,w0)

The magnitude value is not expressed in dB, but in linear scale, the phase value is expressed in degrees

transfer function with input delay

H=1/(s^2+s+1);
>> H.inputdelay=2;

Padé approximation

s=tf('s');
>> H=1/(s^2+s+1);
>> H.inputdelay=2;
>> SYSX = zpk(PADE(H,1))

bode figure

H=1/(s^2+3*s+2)
figure, bode(H)

polar diagrams

[re,im]=nyquist(H)
figure, plot(squeeze(re), squeeze(im))

nyquist

[re,im]=nyquist(H);
figure, plot(squeeze(re)

nichols

figure, nichols(H)

feedback

串联相乘,并联加减
反馈电路实例

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控制电路

结构和命名

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符号 结构名称
G_p(s) plant transfer function
C (s ) controller tf
A actuator gain
G_s Sensor gain
G_y Conditioning filter gain
r : reference signal desired behavior of the controlled output
y (controlled) output
e=r -y tracking error
u control input (command signal)
d'_a input disturbance
d'_y output disturbance
G_d (s) tf between d’y and y
d_s sensor noise
d_a = d’_a / A actuator disturbance
G_d (s) =1 d’_y = d_y
d_t =d_s Gy
G (s ) = Gp (s ) A -
Td=GyGs -

简化结构图

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loop function

loop function is defined as

L(s)= G(s)C(s)

sensitivity function

is define as

S(s)=1/(1+L(s))=y(s)/d_y(s)

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complementary sensitivity function

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control sensitivity function

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actuator disturbance sensitivity function

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the steady state design


e^inf_r,根据t前面的系数确定P的值

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y^inf_d_y ,根据系数确定derta_y

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例题


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解题过程

steady state下的Css=Kc/s
先确定h和g的值,h就是r(t)中t的指数,
1.根据r(t)在e^inf_r表格中确定公式
2.根据K=lim s^2 L(s)=Kg*Kc,Kg=G(s)所有零点(s->0)相乘的绝对值,例如本题是K2=24Kc
3.求出Kc=K2/Kg=(2/0.1)/24=0.833
4.Css=0.833/s


lead and lag network design


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解题过程

  1. 根据er_inf 或者y_da 求出Css
  2. 根据S_ave,tr,ts求出Tp,Sp,Wc,des
  3. 画图nichols和Tgrid Sgrid,描出Wc,des点并移出大圈之外得到相位角
  4. 根据相位角带入到diagram中找到md和wd或者mi和wi
    wd=Wc,des/Wnorm
    alfa=Wnorm/Mi
  5. 根据4的结果带入到Ci(s)或者Cd(s)中
  6. L(s)=Ci(s)G(s) L(s)=Cd(s)G(s)

大题总结

求css

根据表求范围 找到范围内的一个合适的值
手画 L 的nyquist曲线判断稳定性 ,如果L实部>0的极点数量=卷绕数

WechatIMG6.jpeg
根据稳定性判断正负号

lead和lag##

加零点右上移动,极点左下移动

屏幕快照 2018-01-13 下午5.11.41.png

图一是分贝,图2是相位
结合得到合适的W/Wz的值 求出Wz,带入lead公式里面,调节Md和Wd的值适合simulink

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