初级美语 L003：My Family 解析

一、阅读

My father is a teacher. He works during the day. My mother is a nurse. She works at night. They only see each other on the weekends.

My brothers, my sister and I don't work. We are students. Because my parents have to work, we do the housework. But we never complain.

二、解析

■ My father is a teacher.

• 主：My father
• 系：is
• 表：a teacher

■ He works during the day.

• 主：He
• 系：works
• 时间状语：during the day.
  • 介：during
  • 宾：the day

during：介词，后加表时间的名词 day 做其宾语。通常情况下，day 前加 the.

对称用法：
during the day = by day：在白天
at night = by night：在晚上

e.g.：
He is busy during the month.
He teaches during the day.
He teaches in the evening.

■ My mother is a nurse.

• 主：My mother
• 系：is
• 表：a nurse.

■ She works at night.

• 主：She
• 谓：works
• 时间状语：at night.

■ They only see each other on the weekends.

• 主：They
• 状：only
• 谓：see
• 宾：each other 为代词，表两者的“彼此”，主语必须限定为两者。
• 时间状语：on the weekends.

each other、one another 用法：
each other：为代词，表两者的“彼此”，在句中只做宾语，主语必须限定为两者。
one another：亦为代词，但表示三者或三者以上的“彼此”，在句中亦只作宾语，主语必须为三个或三个以上的人物。

weekends：表每逢周未，不加s，表这个周未。

■ My brothers, my sister and I don't work.

= My older brothes, my younger sister and I don't work.

• 主：My brothers, my sister and I
• 谓：don't work.

and：只要有两个对等的词类出现的时候，需要 and 连接，三个及以上出现时，在最后一个词类与前一个对等词类中间使用 and 连接。出于礼貌，多个代词出现时，I 放最后。

■ We are students.

• 主：We
• 系：are
• 表：students

■ Because my parents have to work, we do the housework.

= My parents have to work, so we do the housework.

原因状语从句：Because my parents have to work
Because 为连词，引导原因状语从句，because 引导的从句显得比主句重要，强调原因。

• 主：my parents
• 谓：have to work（此处 have to 助动词，表示“必须、不得不”）

• 主：we
• 谓：do
• 宾：the housework.

have to、must 区别：
have to：助动词，表示“必须、不得不”
must：亦为助动词，表示“必须”
区别：must 常指义务或责任上的必须；have to 则有“强制”或“非做不可”的意味。

■ But we never complain.

• 主：we
• 状：never
• 谓：complain

见到 and、or、but 变成大写，置于单句句首，形成独立的用法。唯此类用法必须要有上下文才能成立。