WKWebView的使用

2018-02-14  本文已影响31人  Carson_Zhu

简介

iOS 8以后,苹果推出了新框架Webkit,提供了替换UIWebView的组件WKWebView。各种UIWebView的问题没有了,速度更快了,占用内存少了。

特性

基本使用

导入头文件
#import <WebKit/WebKit.h>
初始化
// 初始化1
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame;

// 初始化2,WKWebViewConfiguration可以用来设置与js交互的相关配置
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame configuration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration

// 直接加载HTML
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadHTMLString:(NSString *)string baseURL:(nullable NSURL *)baseURL;

// 直接加载data
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadData:(NSData *)data MIMEType:(NSString *)MIMEType characterEncodingName:(NSString *)characterEncodingName baseURL:(NSURL *)baseURL NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
加载页面
// 根据NSURLRequest加载
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;
// 直接根据URL加载 iOS 9.0以后方法
- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadFileURL:(NSURL *)URL allowingReadAccessToURL:(NSURL *)readAccessURL API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.11), ios(9.0));
配置

WKWebViewConfiguration是一个属性的集合,用来初始化WKWebView。这个类包含众多的属性,这里介绍几个常用的属性。

// 内容处理池
// 这个类没有公开的方法和属性,而且也并不需要配置,可以暂时忽略。
// 初始化一个WKWebViewConfiguration对象
WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [WKWebViewConfiguration new];
// 初始化偏好设置属性:preferences
config.preferences = [WKPreferences new];
// 默认为0
config.preferences.minimumFontSize = 10;
// 是否支持JavaScript,默认认为YES
config.preferences.javaScriptEnabled = YES;
// 不通过用户交互,是否可以打开窗口,默认为NO
config.preferences.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = NO;
    
WKWebView *webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.frame configuration:config];
// 内容交互控制器,该对象提供了通过js向web view发送消息的途径
WKUserContentController *userContentController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
//添加在js中操作的对象名称,通过该对象来向web view发送消息
[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"FirstJsObect"];
    
// 设置WKWebView配置
WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init];
config.userContentController = userContentController;

WKWebView *webview = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds configuration:config];
// 默认数据存储
+ (WKWebsiteDataStore *)defaultDataStore;
 
// 返回非持久化存储,数据不会写入文件系统
+ (WKWebsiteDataStore *)nonPersistentDataStore;
 
// 只读属性,表示是否是持久化存储
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isPersistent) BOOL persistent;
 
// 获取所有web内容的数据存储类型集,比如cookies、disk等
+ (NSSet<NSString *> *)allWebsiteDataTypes;
 
// 获取某些指定数据存储类型的数据
- (void)fetchDataRecordsOfTypes:(NSSet<NSString *> *)dataTypes completionHandler:(void (^)(NSArray<WKWebsiteDataRecord *> *))completionHandler;
 
// 删除某些指定类型的数据
- (void)removeDataOfTypes:(NSSet<NSString *> *)dataTypes forDataRecords:(NSArray<WKWebsiteDataRecord *> *)dataRecords completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;
 
// 删除某些指定类型的数据且修改日期是指定的日期
- (void)removeDataOfTypes:(NSSet<NSString *> *)websiteDataTypes modifiedSince:(NSDate *)date completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;
导航代理
@protocol WKNavigationDelegate <NSObject>
 
@optional
 
// 决定导航的动作,通常用于处理跨域的链接能否导航。WebKit对跨域进行了安全检查限制,不允许跨域,因此我们要对不能跨域的链接
// 单独处理。但是,对于Safari是允许跨域的,不用这么处理。
// 这个是决定是否Request
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler;
 
// 决定是否接收响应
// 这个是决定是否接收response
// 要获取response,通过WKNavigationResponse对象获取
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler;
 
// 当main frame的导航开始请求时,会调用此方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
 
// 当main frame接收到服务重定向时,会回调此方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
 
// 当main frame开始加载数据失败时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error;
 
// 当main frame的web内容开始到达时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
 
// 当main frame导航完成时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation;
 
// 当main frame最后下载数据失败时,会回调
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error;
 
// 这与用于授权验证的API,与AFN、UIWebView的授权验证API是一样的
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential *__nullable credential))completionHandler;
 
// 当web content处理完成时,会回调
- (void)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
 
@end
// WKNavigationResponse是导航响应类,通过它可以获取相关响应的信息:
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0)
@interface WKNavigationResponse : NSObject
 
// 是否是main frame
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isForMainFrame) BOOL forMainFrame;
 
// 获取响应response
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURLResponse *response;
 
// 是否显示MIMEType
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canShowMIMEType;
 
@end
// WKNavigationAction对象包含关于导航的action的信息,用于make policy decisions

// 正在请求的导航的frame
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) WKFrameInfo *sourceFrame;
// 目标frame,如果这是新的window,它会是nil
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) WKFrameInfo *targetFrame; 
// 导航类型,如下面的小标题WKNavigationType
@property (nonatomic, readonly) WKNavigationType navigationType;
// 导航的请求
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURLRequest *request;
用户交互代理
@protocol WKUIDelegate <NSObject>
 
@optional
 
// 创建新的webview
// 可以指定配置对象、导航动作对象、window特性
- (nullable WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures;
 
// webview关闭时回调
- (void)webViewDidClose:(WKWebView *)webView NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
 
// 调用JS的alert()方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;
 
// 调用JS的confirm()方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL result))completionHandler;
 
// 调用JS的prompt()方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(nullable NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * __nullable result))completionHandler;
 
@end
前进或者后退的页面列表
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0)
@interface WKBackForwardList : NSObject
 
// 当前正在显示的item(页面)
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardListItem *currentItem;
 
// 后一页,如果没有就是nil
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardListItem *backItem;
 
// 前一页,如果没有就是nil
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardListItem *forwardItem;
 
// 根据下标获取某一个页面的item
- (nullable WKBackForwardListItem *)itemAtIndex:(NSInteger)index;
 
// 可以进行goback操作的页面列表
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray<WKBackForwardListItem *> *backList;
 
// 可以进行goforward操作的页面列表
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray<WKBackForwardListItem *> *forwardList;
 
@end
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0)
@interface WKBackForwardListItem : NSObject
 
// 该页面的URL
@property (readonly, copy) NSURL *URL;
 
// 该页面的title
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
 
// 初始请求该item的请求的URL
@property (readonly, copy) NSURL *initialURL;
 
@end
其他
// 前进或者后退到某一页面
- (nullable WKNavigation *)goToBackForwardListItem:(WKBackForwardListItem *)item;
 
// 页面的标题,支持KVO的
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
 
// 当前请求的URL,支持KVO的
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURL *URL;
 
// 标识当前是否正在加载内容中,支持KVO的
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isLoading) BOOL loading;
 
// 当前加载的进度,范围为[0, 1]
@property (nonatomic, readonly) double estimatedProgress;
 
// 标识页面中的所有资源是否通过安全加密连接来加载,支持KVO的
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL hasOnlySecureContent;
 
// 当前导航的证书链,支持KVO
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray *certificateChain NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
 
// 是否可以招待goback操作,它是支持KVO的
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoBack;
 
// 是否可以执行gofarward操作,支持KVO
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoForward;
 
// 返回上一页面,如果不能返回,则什么也不干
- (nullable WKNavigation *)goBack;
 
// 进入下一页面,如果不能前进,则什么也不干
- (nullable WKNavigation *)goForward;
 
// 重新载入页面
- (nullable WKNavigation *)reload;
 
// 重新从原始URL载入
- (nullable WKNavigation *)reloadFromOrigin;
 
// 停止加载数据
- (void)stopLoading;
 
// 执行JS代码
- (void)evaluateJavaScript:(NSString *)javaScriptString completionHandler:(void (^ __nullable)(__nullable id, NSError * __nullable error))completionHandler;
 
// 标识是否支持左、右swipe手势是否可以前进、后退
@property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures;
 
// 自定义user agent,如果没有则为nil
@property (nullable, nonatomic, copy) NSString *customUserAgent NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
 
// 在iOS上默认为NO,标识不允许链接预览
@property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsLinkPreview NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
 
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
/*! @abstract The scroll view associated with the web view.
 */
@property (nonatomic, readonly, strong) UIScrollView *scrollView;
#endif
 
#if !TARGET_OS_IPHONE
// 标识是否支持放大手势,默认为NO
@property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsMagnification;
 
// 放大因子,默认为1
@property (nonatomic) CGFloat magnification;
 
// 根据设置的缩放因子来缩放页面,并居中显示结果在指定的点
- (void)setMagnification:(CGFloat)magnification centeredAtPoint:(CGPoint)point;

对WKWebView属性的监听

// 添加KVO监听
[self.webView addObserver:self
               forKeyPath:@"loading"
                  options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
                  context:nil];
    
[self.webView addObserver:self
               forKeyPath:@"title"
                  options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
                  context:nil];
    
[self.webView addObserver:self
               forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress"
                  options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
                  context:nil];
- (void)dealloc {
    // 移除kvo
    [self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loading" context:nil];
    [self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"title" context:nil];
    [self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress" context:nil];
}
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)change
                       context:(void *)context {
    if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"loading"]) {
        NSLog(@"loading");
    } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"title"]) {
        self.title = self.webView.title;
    } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"estimatedProgress"]) {
        NSLog(@"progress: %f", self.webView.estimatedProgress);
        self.progressView.progress = self.webView.estimatedProgress;
    }
    
    // 加载完成
    if (!self.webView.loading) {
        [UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 animations:^{
            self.progressView.alpha = 0.0;
        }];
    }
}
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