英语宾语从句
一、定义：跟在动作后边的东西或人，做宾语的从句。
二、结构：
1、动宾结构（谓语动词后边➕宾语从句）
E.g. I know that you are broken.(我知道你破产了)
2.介宾结构
E.g. I love you for who are you.
3.系表结构
E.g. I am happy that you are like it.
三、关系词（引导词）
宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出，根据关系词可以分为以下几类：
1、that 引导
E.g. I believe that he is honest.
The doctor insists that I give up smoking.
2、whether/if 引导
E.g. I don't konw whether he'll arrive in time.
I wonder if it's large enough.
3.连接代词引导
E.g. I don't know who/whom you mean.
Please tell me which you like.
I'll do whatever I can do.
Give it whoever you like.
You don't konw what you are talking about.
4.连接副词引导
E.g.You don't konw when you are lucky.（身在福中不知福）
I asked how he was getting on.（我问他情况怎么样）
Have you found out how wide the ditch was.（你知道那条沟有多宽吗）
We didn't know why he had answered in that question.
※有时介词后边可以接宾语从句，但是介词后通常不接that/if从句。极个别介词如（except/but可接that引导的宾从）
E.g. From what you say, he is right.
She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black.
四.It作形式宾语
当宾语从句后边有宾补时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语，将真正的宾语从句移到句末。
E.g.I think it best that you should stay here.
He found it difficult to anwster the question.
He think it his duty to help other.
I find it interesting talking to you.
五、连词that的省略问题
引导宾语从句的that一般可省略，无实际意义。
E.g. She said (that) she would come to the meeting.
I hope (that) I would succeed.
※It不可省略的情况
1.出现2个或以上that引导的宾语从句，只能省略第一个that。
E.g. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
2.引导的宾从在介词后边时that不省
E.g. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
3.that位于句首时不能省
That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe.
4.宾语从句中有包含从句时that不省
The woman said that if we scard her dog, she would rip us in tow.
六、宾语从句与否定转移
当主句满足①一般现在时②第一人（I,We）称作主语③表示心理活动的词作谓语，如know, think, believe, guss, suppose等时（三个条件缺一不可），其否定一般转移到主语。
E.g. I don't think that he is going to help you.
I don't believe that he would lie to me.
I don't guess that she has been married.
七、宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以是多种时态。
①现在时：Mom says that she loves me.
②过去时：Mom says that a weird man followed her that day.
③将来时：Mom says that she won't let it go.
④现在完成时：Mom wonders if I have paid of my credit card.
2.主句是一般过去时，从句时过去的某种时态。
①一般过去时：Dad said that he didn't want to discard his shorts.
②过去进行时：Dad said that he was enjoying himself last night.
③过去完成时：Dad said that uncle had disappered for 3 months.
3.从句是客观事实时用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响。
Grandma told me that the earth goes around the sun.
八、宾语从句的简化
当主句的主语和从句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为疑问词➕to do。
①I don't know where I should go.
简化为：I don't know where to go.
②Jinny wonders how she can impress her boss.
Jinny wonders how to impress her boss.
