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[深入浅出Cocoa]iOS网络编程之NSStream

2016-09-27  本文已影响666人  一个奋斗中的人_Andy

[深入浅出Cocoa]iOS网络编程之NSStream

一,NSStream简介

首先来回顾下。在前文《

[深入浅出Cocoa]iOS网络编程之Socket

》中,提到iOS网络编程层次模型分为三层:

前文《

iOS网络编程之Socket

》 和《

iOS网络编程之CFNetwork

》 讲了最底层的 socket 和Core Foundation层的 CFNetwork,本文将介绍位于 Cocoa 中的 NSStream。NSStream 其实只是用 Objective-C 对 CFNetwork 的简单封装,它使用名为 NSStreamDelegate 的协议来实现 CFNetwork 中的回调函数的作用,同样,runloop 也与 NSStream 结合的很好。NSStream 有两个实体类:NSInputStream 和 NSOutputStream,分别对应 CFNetwork 中的 CFReadStream 和 CFWriteStream。

本文示例代码请查看:

https://github.com/kesalin/iOSSnippet/tree/master/KSNetworkDemo

二,NSStream 类接口简介

NSStream 类有如下接口:

- (void)open;

- (void)close;

- (id <NSStreamDelegate>)delegate;

- (void)setDelegate:(id <NSStreamDelegate>)delegate;

- (void)scheduleInRunLoop:(NSRunLoop *)aRunLoop forMode:(NSString *)mode;

- (void)removeFromRunLoop:(NSRunLoop *)aRunLoop forMode:(NSString *)mode;

- (NSStreamStatus)streamStatus;

- (NSError *)streamError;

NSStream 的一些接口与 CFNetwork 类似,如打开,关闭,获取状态和错误信息,以及和 runloop 结合等在这里就不再重复了。前面提到 NSStream 是通过 NSStreamDelegate 来实现 CFNetwork 中的回调函数,这个可选的协议只有一个接口:

- (void)stream:(NSStream *)aStream handleEvent:(NSStreamEvent)eventCode;

NSStreamEvent 是一个流事件枚举:

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSStreamEvent) {

    NSStreamEventNone = 0,

    NSStreamEventOpenCompleted = 1UL << 0,

    NSStreamEventHasBytesAvailable = 1UL << 1,

    NSStreamEventHasSpaceAvailable = 1UL << 2,

    NSStreamEventErrorOccurred = 1UL << 3,

    NSStreamEventEndEncountered = 1UL << 4

};

这些事件枚举的含义也和 CFNetwork 中的 CFStreamEventType 类似,在此也就不再重复了。

NSInputStream 类有如下接口:

- (NSInteger)read:(uint8_t *)buffer maxLength:(NSUInteger)len;
从流中读取数据到 buffer 中,buffer 的长度不应少于 len,该接口返回实际读取的数据长度(该长度最大为 len)。

- (BOOL)getBuffer:(uint8_t **)buffer length:(NSUInteger *)len;
获取当前流中的数据以及大小,注意 buffer 只在下一个流操作之前有效。

- (BOOL)hasBytesAvailable;
检查流中是否还有数据。

NSOutputStream 类有如下接口:

- (NSInteger)write:(const uint8_t *)buffer maxLength:(NSUInteger)len;
将 buffer 中的数据写入流中,返回实际写入的字节数。

- (BOOL)hasSpaceAvailable;
检查流中是否还有可供写入的空间。

从这些接口可以看出,NSStream 真的就是 CFNetwork 上的一层简单的 Objective-C 封装。但 iOS 中的 NSStream 不支持 NShost,这是一个缺陷,苹果也意识到这问题了(http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#qa/qa1652/_index.html),我们可以通过 NSStream 的扩展函数来实现该功能:

@implementation NSStream(StreamsToHost)

+ (void)getStreamsToHostNamed:(NSString *)hostName
                         port:(NSInteger)port
                  inputStream:(out NSInputStream **)inputStreamPtr
                 outputStream:(out NSOutputStream **)outputStreamPtr
{
    CFReadStreamRef     readStream;
    CFWriteStreamRef    writeStream;
    
    assert(hostName != nil);
    assert( (port > 0) && (port < 65536) );
    assert( (inputStreamPtr != NULL) || (outputStreamPtr != NULL) );
    
    readStream = NULL;
    writeStream = NULL;
    
    CFStreamCreatePairWithSocketToHost(
                                       NULL,
                                       (__bridge CFStringRef) hostName,
                                       port,
                                       ((inputStreamPtr  != NULL) ? &readStream : NULL),
                                       ((outputStreamPtr != NULL) ? &writeStream : NULL)
                                       );
    
    if (inputStreamPtr != NULL) {
        *inputStreamPtr  = CFBridgingRelease(readStream);
    }

    if (outputStreamPtr != NULL) {
        *outputStreamPtr = CFBridgingRelease(writeStream);
    }
}

@end

三,客户端示例代码

与前面的示例类似,在这里我只演示客户端示例。同样,我们也在一个后台线程中启动网络操作:

    NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@", serverHost, serverPort]];
    NSThread * backgroundThread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self
                                                          selector:@selector(loadDataFromServerWithURL:)
                                                            object:url];
    [backgroundThread start];

然后在 loadDataFromServerWithURL 中创建 NSInputStream,并设置其 delegate,将其加入到 run-loop 的事件源中,然后打开流,运行 runloop:

- (void)loadDataFromServerWithURL:(NSURL *)url
{
    NSInputStream * readStream;
    [NSStream getStreamsToHostNamed:[url host]
                               port:[[url port] integerValue]
                        inputStream:&readStream
                       outputStream:NULL];
    
    [readStream setDelegate:self];
    [readStream scheduleInRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
    [readStream open];
    
    [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
}

因为我们将 KSNSStreamViewController 当作 NSInputStream 的 delegate,因此要在 KSNSStreamViewController 中实现该 delgate:

#pragma mark NSStreamDelegate

- (void)stream:(NSStream *)stream handleEvent:(NSStreamEvent)eventCode
{
    NSLog(@" >> NSStreamDelegate in Thread %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    
    switch (eventCode) {
        case NSStreamEventHasBytesAvailable: {
            if (_receivedData == nil) {
                _receivedData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
            }
            
            uint8_t buf[kBufferSize];
            int numBytesRead = [(NSInputStream *)stream read:buf maxLength:kBufferSize];
            
            if (numBytesRead > 0) {
                [self didReceiveData:[NSData dataWithBytes:buf length:numBytesRead]];
                
            } else if (numBytesRead == 0) {
                NSLog(@" >> End of stream reached");
                
            } else {
                NSLog(@" >> Read error occurred");
            }
            
            break;
        }
            
        case NSStreamEventErrorOccurred: {
            NSError * error = [stream streamError];
            NSString * errorInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Failed while reading stream; error '%@' (code %d)", error.localizedDescription, error.code];
            
            [self cleanUpStream:stream];
            
            [self networkFailedWithErrorMessage:errorInfo];
        }
            
        case NSStreamEventEndEncountered: {
            
            [self cleanUpStream:stream];
            
            [self didFinishReceivingData];

            break;
        }
            
        default:
            break;
    }
}

当数据读取完毕或者读取失败时,调用 cleanUpStream 方法来关闭流:

- (void)cleanUpStream:(NSStream *)stream
{
    [stream removeFromRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
    [stream close];
    
    stream = nil;
}
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