英语语法-介词短语

端午节抽空整理了看不懂的语法句，发现这些看不懂的句子中有很多是与介词相关的语法不太清楚，故补习了下。

介词

介词是词典里标为prep的词，如of、by等。

介词是位于两个对象之间，表示两个对象的关系；这里的对象可以指人、物、事件等；

示例如：

1....the population of this town... (该镇的人口);

2.We ran across the field.(我们路过田野)；

需要重点注意的是，介词可以是两个或两个以上的词组成，根据朗文语法附录，具体有如下这些：

由两个组成的介词	含意	示例
according to ...	根据、据说	He advocates streaming children, and educating them according to their needs.
ahead of ...	在...之前
along with ...	随同...一起
apart from	除了...
as for ...	至于...	As for you, I don't think you have to go in person.
as regards ...	至于...
as to ...	至于...
as a result of ...	由于...的结果	Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.
as from ...	从...开始
as well as	也...
away from ...	远离...	In my dreams I am not so far away from home.
because of ...	因为	But because of who I am with you.
but for ...	如果没有...	But for your help, I could not have succeeded.
by comparison with	与...相比	Furthermore, the characteristics of this model are clarified by comparison with the currently SQA technology.
by means of ...	使用...	They stay in touch by means of email.
due to ...	由于...	Due to your efforts, each of you has great wealth.
except from ...	除了...	I received a gift from everyone, except from my best friend.
for the sake of	为了...	She called on us merely for the sake of courtesy.
from among ...	从中...	Many technical innovators have emerged from among the workers.
from under ...	从...下面	Steam billowed out from under the bonnet.
in addition to ...	除了...外，还	In addition to my weekly wage, I got a lot of tips.
in between ...	在...中间	Put the maple leaves in between the pages.
in case of ...	以防（万一)...	Put the bottle in a plastic bag in case of spillage.
in charge of ...	负责...	The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.
in common with ...	和...一样	She had nothing in common with the other women there.
in connexion with ...	与...有关系
in favour of ...	支持...	His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.
in line with ...	与...一致	The new proposal is in line with our general line.
in place of ...	代替...	Cooked kidney beans can be used in place of French beans.
in spite of ...	尽管...	I wouldn't trust them in spite of all their la-di-da manners.
instead of ...	代替...	Small pickling onions can be used instead of sliced ones.
in view of ...	考虑到...	In view of this, the decision may not be easy.
near to ...	接近于...	She is not herself. She came near to a breakdown.
on account of ...	由于...	The flight was postponed on account of bad weather.
on behalf of	为了...（的利益）	He gave witness on behalf of an accused person.
on the left/right of ...	在...的左/右边	There is a group of figures on the left of the painting.
out of ...	脱离...	A lorry ran down the hill out of control.
owing to ...	因为...	The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain. (比赛因大雨取消了)
regardlesss of ...	不论...	Regardlesss of age, people who have pets, especially dogs, get more exercise than non-pet owners.
together with ...	和…一同	Each of you have to work together with one heart.(你们大家要齐心合力)
up to ...	直到...	I have heard nothing from her up to now.
with the exception of ...	除了...以外	I like all fruits with the exception of grape.
with reference to ...	关于...	I'll say more about this next time with reference to Yeats's late poetry.(下次我会多谈些这方面的,关于叶芝晚期诗歌的内容)
with regard to ...	关于...	"There's no right or wrong answer with regard to 'What's a good cup of coffee?"
in comparison to/with	与...相比	The majority of people still were way late, even in comparison to their most pessimistic forecast!

小提示：两个词及两个词以上组成的介词在电子词典界面里并不显示prep的标记，很容易误认为成短语，因此上面这张表的介词建议熟记才行。

小品词

在语法书里，有提到副词小品词（下文简称小品词），一开始也没理解是指什么，后来通过例句才知，原来小品词指介词当副词用，即后面可以没有宾语，实际上对应到电子词典里是指同时含有prep和adv的词，如：about、by、in等；

我觉得可以这么定义小品词：小品词指同时具有副词和介词性质，在句子中充当副词用，这种词叫小品词；也即小品词=副词，但比普通的副词（如:quickly）多了介词的性质。

如about作介词时：

1.Leadership is about the ability to implement change.（领导才能就是要有实施变革的能力。）

about作小品词（副词）时：

1.Everyone was running about. （大家都在跑来跑去。）

需要特别注意的是out虽然是介词，但却不能单独接宾语，需要使用out of来接宾语，如She let him out of the house. （她让他出了屋子），而不能说She let him out the house【错误】。

参考资料：

《朗文英文语法》

金山词霸-柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典