redis种对value支持5种数据结构。String、List、Set、Hash、ZSet。
字符串
| 基本命令 |
行为 |
| get |
获取给定键的值 |
| set |
设置给定键的值 |
| del |
删除给定键的值 |
redis-primary:6379> set name lucy
OK
redis-primary:6379> get name
"lucy"
redis-primary:6379> del name
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> get name
(nil)
redis-primary:6379>
| 自增命令 |
行为 |
| incr |
键存储的值加1 |
| decr |
键存储的值减1 |
| incrby |
键存储的值增加给定整数 |
| decrby |
键存储的值减去给定整数 |
| incrbyfloat |
键存储的值增加给定浮点数 |
redis-primary:6379> set num 10
OK
redis-primary:6379> get num
"10"
redis-primary:6379> incr num
(integer) 11
redis-primary:6379> decr num
(integer) 10
redis-primary:6379> incrby num 10
(integer) 20
redis-primary:6379> decrby num 4
(integer) 16
redis-primary:6379> incrbyfloat num 0.99
"16.99"
redis-primary:6379>
| 字符串处理命令 |
行为 |
| append |
给定键的值末尾拼接给定的值 |
| getrange |
获取值在偏移量start至end范围内的字符串，包含start，end在内 |
| setrange |
将从偏移量start开始的字符串设置为给定值 |
redis-primary:6379> set sayhi hello
OK
redis-primary:6379> get sayhi
"hello"
redis-primary:6379> append sayhi ,world
(integer) 11
redis-primary:6379> get sayhi
"hello,world"
redis-primary:6379> getrange sayhi 6 10
"world"
redis-primary:6379> setrange sayhi 5 /
(integer) 11
redis-primary:6379> get sayhi
"hello/world"
redis-primary:6379>
列表(List)
| 命令 |
行为 |
| lpush |
列表左侧压入给定值 |
| lpop |
列表左侧弹出给定值，返回弹出值 |
| lrange |
获取列表在给定范围上的值 |
| lindex |
获取列表给定下标下的值 |
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> lpush names lilly
(integer) 2
redis-primary:6379> lrange names 0 -1
1) "lilly"
2) "lucy"
redis-primary:6379> lindex names 0
"lilly"
redis-primary:6379> lpop names
"lilly"
redis-primary:6379> lrange names 0 -1
1) "lucy"
redis-primary:6379>
| 截取命令 |
行为 |
| ltrim |
对列表截取，保留偏移量start至end在内的元素，包含start和end |
redis-primary:6379> lpush names lucy lilly hanmeimei kate
(integer) 4
redis-primary:6379> lrange names 0 -1
1) "kate"
2) "hanmeimei"
3) "lilly"
4) "lucy"
redis-primary:6379> ltrim names 2 3
OK
redis-primary:6379> lrange names 0 -1
1) "lilly"
2) "lucy"
redis-primary:6379>
| 阻塞弹出命令 |
行为 |
| blpop |
从非空列表中弹出最左侧元素，timeout内阻塞等待元素 |
| brpop |
从非空列表中弹出最右侧元素，timeout内阻塞等待元素 |
| rpoplpush |
从第一个列表中取出最右侧元素，放入第二个列表中最左侧 |
| brpoplpush |
从第一个列表中取出最右侧元素，放入第二个列表中最左侧，timeout内阻塞等待元素 |
//第一个客户端
redis-primary:6379> blpop list1 10
1) "list1"
2) "a"
(2.01s)
redis-primary:6379>
//第二个客户端
redis-primary:6379> lpush list1 a
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379>
redis-primary:6379> lpush list1 a b
(integer) 2
redis-primary:6379> lpush list2 c d
(integer) 2
redis-primary:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
1) "b"
2) "a"
redis-primary:6379> lrange list2 0 -1
1) "d"
2) "c"
redis-primary:6379> rpoplpush list1 list2
"a"
redis-primary:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
1) "b"
redis-primary:6379> lrange list2 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "d"
3) "c"
redis-primary:6379>
//第一个客户端
redis-primary:6379> brpoplpush list1 list2 10
"a"
(1.78s)
redis-primary:6379> lrange list2 0 -1
1) "a"
redis-primary:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
(empty list or set)
redis-primary:6379>
//第二个客户端
redis-primary:6379> lpush list1 a
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379>
集合(Set)
无序不重复集合
| 命令 |
行为 |
| sadd |
向集合添加给定值 |
| smembers |
返回集合所有值 |
| sismember |
检查给定值是否存在于集合 |
| srem |
在集合中删除给定值 |
redis-primary:6379> sadd names lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> sadd names lilly
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> smembers names
1) "lilly"
2) "lucy"
redis-primary:6379> sismember names lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> srem names lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> smembers names
1) "lilly"
redis-primary:6379>
| 随机移除命令 |
行为 |
| scard |
返回集合元素数 |
| spop |
随机移除一个元素，返回该元素 |
| smove |
如果第一个集合包含该元素，就将该元素添加到第二个集合中 |
redis-primary:6379> sadd names lucy lilly kate
(integer) 3
redis-primary:6379> smembers names
1) "kate"
2) "lilly"
3) "lucy"
redis-primary:6379> smove names names01 lilly
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> smembers names
1) "kate"
2) "lucy"
redis-primary:6379> smembers names01
1) "lilly"
redis-primary:6379> spop names
"lucy"
redis-primary:6379> smembers names
1) "kate"
redis-primary:6379>
| 组合命令 |
行为 |
| sdiff |
返回存在于第一个集合，不存在其他集合中的元素，差集 |
| sdiffstore |
差集数据存储到给定集合 |
| sinter |
返回同时存在于所有集合的元素，交集 |
| sinterstore |
|
| sunion |
返回至少存在一次的元素，并集 |
| sunionstore |
|
redis-primary:6379> sadd alpha01 a b c d
(integer) 4
redis-primary:6379> sadd alpha02 b d e f
(integer) 4
redis-primary:6379> sdiff alpha01 alpha02
1) "a"
2) "c"
redis-primary:6379> sinter alpha01 alpha02
1) "b"
2) "d"
redis-primary:6379> sunion alpha01 alpha02
1) "f"
2) "b"
3) "e"
4) "d"
5) "c"
6) "a"
redis-primary:6379> sdiffstore diffalpha alpha01 alpha02
(integer) 2
redis-primary:6379> smembers diffalpha
1) "a"
2) "c"
redis-primary:6379> sinterstore interalpha alpha01 alpha02
(integer) 2
redis-primary:6379> smembers interalpha
1) "b"
2) "d"
redis-primary:6379> sunionstore unionalpha alpha01 alpha02
(integer) 6
redis-primary:6379> smembers unionalpha
1) "f"
2) "b"
3) "e"
4) "d"
5) "c"
6) "a"
redis-primary:6379>
散列
| 命令 |
行为 |
| hset |
向散列添加给定的键值对 |
| hget |
获取散列中指定键的值 |
| hgetall |
获取给定散列所有的键值对 |
| hdel |
删除散列中给定的键值对 |
redis-primary:6379> hset lucy name lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> hset lucy age 12
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> hset lucy gender girl
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> hget lucy name
"lucy"
redis-primary:6379> hgetall lucy
1) "name"
2) "lucy"
3) "age"
4) "12"
5) "gender"
6) "girl"
redis-primary:6379> hdel lucy gender
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> del lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379>
| 批量命令 |
行为 |
| hmset |
批量设置键值对 |
| hmget |
获取一个或多个键的值 |
| hdel |
删除散列中的一个或多个键值对 |
| hlen |
返回散列中键值对数量 |
redis-primary:6379> hmset lucy name lucy age 12 gender girl
OK
redis-primary:6379> hlen lucy
(integer) 3
redis-primary:6379> hgetall lucy
1) "name"
2) "lucy"
3) "age"
4) "12"
5) "gender"
6) "girl"
redis-primary:6379> hmget lucy name age
1) "lucy"
2) "12"
redis-primary:6379> hdel lucy name age
(integer) 2
redis-primary:6379> hgetall lucy
1) "gender"
2) "girl"
redis-primary:6379>
| 键值对命令 |
行为 |
| hexists |
键是否存在散列中 |
| hkeys |
返回散列中所有的键 |
| hvals |
返回散列中所有的值 |
| hincrby |
散列中给定键的值增加指定整数 |
| hincrbyfloat |
散列中给定键的值增加指定浮点数 |
redis-primary:6379> hmset lucy name lucy age 12 gender girl
OK
redis-primary:6379> hexists lucy name
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> hkeys lucy
1) "name"
2) "age"
3) "gender"
redis-primary:6379> hvals lucy
1) "lucy"
2) "12"
3) "girl"
redis-primary:6379> hgetall lucy
1) "name"
2) "lucy"
3) "age"
4) "12"
5) "gender"
6) "girl"
redis-primary:6379> hincrby lucy age 10
(integer) 22
redis-primary:6379> hget lucy age
"22"
redis-primary:6379> hincrbyfloat lucy age 10.2
"32.2"
redis-primary:6379> hget lucy age
"32.2"
redis-primary:6379>
有序集合(ZSet)
有序集合和散列一样，存储的是键值对。键称为成员(member)，值称为分值(score)。是redis中唯一可以用键访问分值，可以用分值排列顺序访问元素的数据结构
| 命令 |
行为 |
| zadd |
向有序集合添加给定分值的成员 |
| zrange |
根据元素的排列顺序获取给定范围的多个元素 |
| zrangebyscores |
获取有序集合在给定分值范围内的所有元素 |
| zrem |
在有序集合中删除给定成员 |
redis-primary:6379> zadd sort 1 lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> zadd sort 0 lilly
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> zadd sort 3 hanmeimei
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> zrange sort 0 -1 withscores
1) "lilly"
2) "0"
3) "lucy"
4) "1"
5) "hanmeimei"
6) "3"
redis-primary:6379> zrem sort lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> zrange sort 0 -1 withscores
1) "lilly"
2) "0"
3) "hanmeimei"
4) "3"
redis-primary:6379> zrangebyscore sort 0 2
1) "lilly"
redis-primary:6379> zrangebyscore sort 0 2 withscores
1) "lilly"
2) "0"
redis-primary:6379>
| 命令 |
行为 |
| zcard |
返回成员数 |
| zincrby |
给定成员的分值增加指定值 |
| zscore |
获取给定成员的分值 |
| zrank |
获取成员在有序集合中的排序 |
| zcount |
获取给定最小分值和最大分值中的成员数量 |
redis-primary:6379> zadd sort 12 lucy 34 lilly 1 hanmeimei 28 kate
(integer) 4
redis-primary:6379> zcard sort
(integer) 4
redis-primary:6379> zincrby sort 10 lilly
"44"
redis-primary:6379> zscore sort lilly
"44"
redis-primary:6379> zcount sort 0 100
(integer) 4
redis-primary:6379> zrank sort lilly
(integer) 3
redis-primary:6379> zrank sort hanmeimei
(integer) 0
| 命令 |
行为 |
| zrevrank |
返回成员的排名，成员按照从大到小排列 |
| zrevrange |
返回有序集合给定排名范围内的成员，成员按照从大到小排列 |
| zrangebyscore |
返回有序集合中分值位于min和max之间的所有成员 |
| zrevrangebyscore |
返回有序集合中分值位于min和max之间的所有成员，并按照分值从大到小排列 |
| zremrangebyrank |
移除有序集合中排名介于start和end之间的所有成员 |
| zremrangebyscore |
移除有序集合中分值介于min和max之间的所有成员 |
| zinterstore |
根据member执行交集，score根据指令sum|max|min执行相应操作 |
| zunionstore |
根据member执行并集，score根据指令sum|max|min执行相应操作 |
redis-primary:6379> zadd lucy 100 english 60 chinses 80 math
(integer) 3
redis-primary:6379> zadd lilly 90 english 89 chemical
(integer) 2
redis-primary:6379> zinterstore result1 2 lucy lilly
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> zrange result1 0 -1 withscores
1) "english"
2) "190"
redis-primary:6379> zinterstore result1 2 lucy lilly aggregate min
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> zrange result1 0 -1 withscores
1) "english"
2) "90"
redis-primary:6379>
发布订阅
| 命令 |
行为 |
| publish |
向通道发送消息 |
| subscribe |
订阅指定通道 |
//发送方
redis-primary:6379> publish channel01 hello
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> publish channel01 lucy
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> publish channel01 pattern:receive,message:lucy001
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379>
//接受方
//redis-cli订阅消息后无法执行别的命令
redis-primary:6379> subscribe channel01
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "channel01"
3) (integer) 1
1) "message"
2) "channel01"
3) "hello"
1) "message"
2) "channel01"
3) "lucy"
1) "message"
2) "channel01"
3) "pattern:receive,message:lucy001"
过期时间
| 命令 |
行为 |
| expire |
给键设置过期时间，单位秒 |
| expireat |
设置过期时间为unix时间戳 |
| persist |
移除键的过期时间 |
| ttl |
查看键过期时间还剩多少秒 |
redis-primary:6379> set name lucy
OK
redis-primary:6379> expire name 100
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> ttl name
(integer) 97
redis-primary:6379> persist name
(integer) 1
redis-primary:6379> ttl name
(integer) -1
redis-primary:6379> get name
"lucy"
redis-primary:6379> pttl name
(integer) -1
redis-primary:6379>
事务
| 命令 |
行为 |
| multi |
开启事务 |
| exec |
提交事务 |
| discard |
取消事务 |
| watch |
用于事务开始前监听任意数量的键，如果事务过程中监听的键被其他客户端修改，则整个事务不再执行 |
//第一个客户端
redis-primary:6379> watch name
OK
redis-primary:6379> multi
OK
redis-primary:6379> set name lucy
QUEUED
redis-primary:6379> exec
(nil)
redis-primary:6379> get name
"lucy02"
redis-primary:6379>
//第二个客户端
redis-primary:6379> set name lucy02
OK
redis-primary:6379>
参考
0.redis实战
1.http://redisdoc.com/index.html
2.https://redisbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/feature/transaction.html
