初次学习mongodb
2016-11-21 本文已影响247人
_palm
MongoDB安装
学习node快接近尾声了, 想使用express+ejs+mongoDB 完成一个小栗子, 算是我学习node的一个结业考试. 不过,之前从来没有接触过mongodb,对我这小小白来说, 安装-启动mongodb都异常的艰难, 想想真是 ... 铁窗呀 ~~ 铁门 ~ 铁锁链 ~~~ 路过的你们请尽情嘲笑吧 , 我不怕!!!!
在mongodb官网的安装指南 上没有找到 ArchLinux版本的安装包, 所以通过下载安装包解压使用是不太可能了, 只能自己下载源码编译安装或者看看Arch 官方仓库或AUR仓库有没有了, 不过丰富的软件支持在Arch里从来不是问题,! Arch官方仓库有, AUR仓库也有. 如:
** pacman**
[palm@arch]: ~/myapps/node-web-learn>$ sudo pacman -Ss MongoDB
[sudo] password for palm:
community/libmongoc 1.4.2-1
A client library written in C for MongoDB
community/mongodb 3.2.10-2
A high-performance, open source, schema-free document-oriented database
community/mongodb-tools 3.2.5-1
The MongoDB tools provide import, export, and diagnostic capabilities.
community/php-mongodb 1.1.9-1
MongoDB driver for PHP
community/python-pymongo 3.3.1-1
Python module for using MongoDB
community/python2-pymongo 3.3.1-1
Python module for using MongoDB
** AUR **
[palm@arch]: ~/myapps/node-web-learn>$ yaourt -Ss MongoDB
community/libmongoc 1.4.2-1
A client library written in C for MongoDB
community/mongodb 3.2.10-2
A high-performance, open source, schema-free document-oriented database
community/mongodb-tools 3.2.5-1
The MongoDB tools provide import, export, and diagnostic capabilities.
community/php-mongodb 1.1.9-1
MongoDB driver for PHP
community/python-pymongo 3.3.1-1
Python module for using MongoDB
community/python2-pymongo 3.3.1-1
Python module for using MongoDB
aur/adminer-git 4.2.5.r0.g53dfafd-1 (2) (0.01)
a web based SQL management tool supporting MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MS SQL, Oracle, Firebird, SimpleDB, Elasticsearch and MongoDB. Formerly phpMinAdmin.
aur/cube-git 20140730-1 (0) (0.00)
A system for analyzing time series data using MongoDB and Node
aur/fluent-plugin-mongo 0.7.7-1 (0) (0.00)
MongoDB plugin for Fluent event collector
aur/graylog 2.1.2-2 (3) (0.00)
Graylog is an open source syslog implementation that stores your logs in ElasticSearch and MongoDB
aur/libmongo-client 0.1.8-1 (0) (0.00)
Alternative C driver for MongoDB (obsolete)
aur/mongo-cxx-driver r3.0.0-1 (Out of Date) (5) (1.24)
The official MongoDB C++ driver library
aur/mongo-cxx-driver-legacy 1.1.2-1 (6) (0.00)
Official MongoDB C++ driver (legacy).
aur/mongo-cxx-driver-legacy-0.0-26compat 2.6.12-1 (6) (0.00)
Official MongoDB C++ driver (26compat).
aur/mongo_fdw 4.0.0-2 (1) (0.00)
PostgreSQL foreign data wrapper for MongoDB
aur/mongobooster 3.0.3-1 (Out of Date) (3) (0.87)
The Smartest MongoDB Admin GUI
aur/mongoclient 1.3.0-1 (1) (0.09)
MongoDB administration client
aur/perl-bson 0.11-1 (1) (0.00)
Pure Perl implementation of MongoDB's BSON serialization
aur/perl-mojolicious-plugin-mongodb 1.16-1 (0) (0.00)
Use MongoDB in Mojolicious
aur/perl-mongodb 1.2.3-1 (3) (0.00)
Official MongoDB Driver for Perl
aur/perl-mongodbx-autoderef 1.110560-1 (0) (0.00)
Automagically dereference MongoDB DBRefs lazily
aur/php53-mongo 1.5.8-1 (1) (0.00)
Officially supported PHP 5.3 driver for MongoDB
aur/python-flask-pymongo 0.4.0-1 (1) (0.00)
Flask-PyMongo bridges Flask and PyMongo, so that you can use Flask’s normal mechanisms to configure and connect to MongoDB.
aur/python-monary-hg 0.3.0.r69.efc4072b9b7f-1 (1) (0.00)
Perform high-performance column queries from MongoDB for Python 3. 10x speedup over pymongo alone.
aur/python-mongoengine 0.10.6-2 (0) (0.00)
An object-document mapper for MongoDB.
aur/python2-dex 0.5.5-1 (0) (0.00)
A MongoDB performance tuning tool that compares queries to the available indexes in the queried collection(s) and generates index suggestions based on simple heuristics.
aur/python2-flask-pymongo 0.4.0-1 (1) (0.00)
Flask-PyMongo bridges Flask and PyMongo, so that you can use Flask’s normal mechanisms to configure and connect to MongoDB.
aur/python2-monary-hg 0.3.0.r69.efc4072b9b7f-1 (1) (0.00)
Perform high-performance column queries from MongoDB for Python 2. 10x speedup over pymongo alone.
aur/python2-pymongo-2.9 2.9-1 (0) (0.00)
Python driver for MongoDB
aur/robomongo 0.9.0-1 (70) (4.08)
Shell-centric cross-platform open source MongoDB management tool
aur/robomongo-bin 0.9.0-1 (20) (1.54)
Shell-centric cross-platform open source MongoDB management tool
aur/ros-indigo-moveit-ros-warehouse 0.6.5-2 (0) (0.00)
ROS - Components of MoveIt connecting to MongoDB.
aur/ros-indigo-warehouse-ros 0.8.8-4 (0) (0.00)
ROS - Persistent storage of ROS data using MongoDB.
aur/umongo 1.6.2-1 (40) (1.18)
This package provides a GUI app that can browse and administer a MongoDB cluster
[palm@arch]: ~/myapps/node-web-learn>$ sudo pacman -Ss MongoDB
[sudo] password for palm:
community/libmongoc 1.4.2-1
A client library written in C for MongoDB
community/mongodb 3.2.10-2
A high-performance, open source, schema-free document-oriented database
community/mongodb-tools 3.2.5-1
The MongoDB tools provide import, export, and diagnostic capabilities.
community/php-mongodb 1.1.9-1
MongoDB driver for PHP
community/python-pymongo 3.3.1-1
Python module for using MongoDB
community/python2-pymongo 3.3.1-1
Python module for using MongoDB
随便挑选一个安装就可以了.
使用MongoDB
软件找到了以后, 然后找到mongodb node.js的支持指南 按照指南安装好node.js的mongodb驱动包,然后编写一个小demo测试一下, Quick Start:
var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient,assert = require('assert');
// Connection URL
var url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/myproject';
// Use connect method to connect to the server
MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, db) {
assert.equal(null, err);
console.log("Connected successfully to server");
db.close();
});
接着运行 node app.js , 不是我想象的那般顺利, 错误如下:
[palm@arch]: ~/myapps/mongodb-test>$ node app.js
/home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/node_modules/mongodb/lib/mongo_client.js:225
throw err
^
AssertionError: null == { MongoError: failed to connect to server [localhost:27017] on first connect
at Pool.<anonymous> (/home/palm/myapps/mongodb-
at /home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/app.js:9:10
at connectCallback (/home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/node_modules/mongodb/lib/mongo_client.js:315:5)
at /home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/node_modules/mongodb/lib/mongo_client.js:222:11
at _combinedTickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:67:7)
at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:98:9)
网络上一顿狂搜, 好像安装好以后需要指定mongodb存放数据的目录, 默认在/data/db 于是:
[palm@arch]: ~/myapps/mongodb-test/data>$ mongod --dbpath=/home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/data
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=13694 port=27017 dbpath=/home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/data 64-bit host=arch
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.2.10
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 79d9b3ab5ce20f51c272b4411202710a082d0317
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.2j 26 Sep 2016
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2016-11-21T10:45:55.066+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/data" } }
2016-11-21T10:45:55.086+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 98 Unable to create/open lock file: /home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/data/mongod.lock errno:13 Permission denied Is a mongod instance already running?, terminating
2016-11-21T10:45:55.086+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] dbexit: rc: 100
大概意思是, 已经有mongodb服务在运行中,现在没有权限再创建一个mongodb实例. 然后我使用ps 确是查询到了很多个mongodb进程. 找到后一一都干死, 然后从Archlinux Wiki MongoDB篇又了解到在Archlinux中MongoDB安装指南 需要使用systemctl 启动服务:
systemctl start mongodb.service
下面也有一些常用问题解决方案,例如mongodb服务异常关闭导致被锁,和mongodb使用指南, 很方便, 之前老听人说Archlinux Wiki 是Linux发行版最完整最详细的Wiki, 现在看来,越来越觉得确是如此, 平时archlinx 闹脾气也都是翻阅Wiki解决的.
这一通折腾之后, 使用--repair修复之前的database 设置, 如:
mongod --dbpath /home/palm/myapps/mongodb-test/data --repair
然后运行mongo 进入mongodb命令行(MongoDB shell)并初始化数据库:
[palm@arch]: ~/myapps/mongodb-test>$ mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.10
connecting to: test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
Server has startup warnings:
2016-11-21T14:19:39.625+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-11-21T14:19:39.625+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2016-11-21T14:19:39.625+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2016-11-21T14:19:39.625+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
>
这代表mongodb服务已经成功启动了, 可以使用了, 到这里,我总算是半只脚迈进了mongodb的大门, 接下来可以在项目实践中一边学习一边使用mongodb了.
关于设置mongodb数据存储目录
在linux中,默认情况下手动安装或解压mongodb应用包后,缺少数据存储目录:
默认为
/data/db
这个目录最开始是不存在的,而且运行参数设定命令也不会自动帮我们新建. 所以需要提前将这个目录新建完成. 当然,这个目录是可以修改的, 使用--dbpath 自定义mongodb数据存储目录. 使用--port arg 可以自定义服务端口, 还有主机地址 host , 更多参数帮助可以使用:
mongo --help
查看
[palm@arch]: ~/myapps/mongodb-test>$ mongo --help
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.10
usage: mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
db address can be:
foo foo database on local machine
192.169.0.5/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
192.169.0.5:9999/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
Options:
--shell run the shell after executing files
--nodb don't connect to mongod on startup - no
'db address' arg expected
--norc will not run the ".mongorc.js" file on
start up
--quiet be less chatty
--port arg port to connect to
--host arg server to connect to
--eval arg evaluate javascript
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
--verbose increase verbosity
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
--disableJavaScriptJIT disable the Javascript Just In Time
compiler
--enableJavaScriptProtection disable automatic JavaScript function
marshalling
--ssl use SSL for all connections
--sslCAFile arg Certificate Authority file for SSL
--sslPEMKeyFile arg PEM certificate/key file for SSL
--sslPEMKeyPassword arg password for key in PEM file for SSL
--sslCRLFile arg Certificate Revocation List file for SSL
--sslAllowInvalidHostnames allow connections to servers with
non-matching hostnames
--sslAllowInvalidCertificates allow connections to servers with invalid
certificates
--sslFIPSMode activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
Authentication Options:
-u [ --username ] arg username for authentication
-p [ --password ] arg password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating
using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of
GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified
如果你将mongodb数据存储目录设置在非/home/ 下,则需要注意权限, 需要让自定义目录拥有-r 可读 / -w 可写 / -x 可执行 的权限.
