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Spring详解篇之 AOP面向切面编程

2017-01-05  本文已影响1337人  方志朋

一、概述

Aop(aspect oriented programming面向切面编程),是spring框架的另一个特征。AOP包括切面、连接点、通知(advice)、切入点(pointCut) 。

1.aop几个概念:

2.主要功能:

3.advice类型:

4.Spring对AOP的支持

Spring中AOP代理由Spring的IOC容器负责生成、管理,其依赖关系也由IOC容器负责管理。因此,AOP代理可以直接使用容器中的其它bean实例作为目标,这种关系可由IOC容器的依赖注入提供。

二、基于xml配置的aop

在spring基于schemel中,aop需要声明一个切面aspect,一个pointcut,一个advisor.
举个例子:

切面:

public class MoocAspect {
   
   public void before() {
       System.out.println("MoocAspect before.");
   }
   
   }

切点:

public class AspectBiz {
   
   public void biz() {
       System.out.println("AspectBiz biz.");
//      throw new RuntimeException();
   }

配置文件:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd">

   <bean id="moocAspect" class="com.imooc.aop.schema.advice.MoocAspect"></bean>
   
   <bean id="aspectBiz" class="com.imooc.aop.schema.advice.biz.AspectBiz"></bean>
   
   <aop:config>
       <aop:aspect id="moocAspectAOP" ref="moocAspect">
           <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.imooc.aop.schema.advice.biz.*Biz.*(..))" id="moocPiontcut"/>
           <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="moocPiontcut"/>
               </aop:aspect>
   </aop:config>

</beans>


单元测试:

@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestAOPSchemaAdvice extends UnitTestBase {
   
   public TestAOPSchemaAdvice() {
       super("classpath:spring-aop-schema-advice.xml");
   }
   
   @Test
   public void testBiz() {
       AspectBiz biz = super.getBean("aspectBiz");
       biz.biz();
   }
}

运行:

MoocAspect before.

AspectBiz biz.

这是 机遇 schemel配置使用aop,其实在spring 1.2版本是有api的,基于api配置aop很麻烦,但是也也应该了解下

三、基于spring api方式配置aop

直接上代码:

接口中有两个方法,一个基于aop,会被拦截 ,另外一个不会被拦截。

public interface IAopService {

    public void withAop() throws Exception;

    public void withoutAop() throws Exception;

}

实现类:

public class AopServiceImpl implements IAopService {

    private String name="forezp";

    public void withAop() throws Exception {

        System.out.println("with aop run: " + name);

        if (name.trim().length() == 0)
            throw new AccountException("name cannot be null");
    }

    public void withoutAop() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("without aop");
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

方法前拦截器,实现MethodBeforeAdvice,在制定方法前会被调用。


public class MethodBeforeInterceptor implements MethodBeforeAdvice {

    public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object instance)
            throws Throwable {

        System.out.println("method invoke:" + method.getName());

        if (instance instanceof AopServiceImpl) {

            String name = ((AopServiceImpl) instance).getName();

            if (name == null)
                throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
        }

    }

}

返回后拦截器,执行指定方法后会被调用。

public class MethodAfterInterceptor implements AfterReturningAdvice {

    public void afterReturning(Object value, Method method, Object[] args,
            Object instance) throws Throwable {

        System.out.println("method  " + method.getName() + "had finished and return value-" + value);

    }

}


异常拦截器,当出现异常时拦截:


public class ThrowsInterceptor implements ThrowsAdvice {

    public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object instance,
            AccountException ex) throws Throwable {

        System.out.println("method" + method.getName() + " throws exception:" + ex);
    }

    public void afterThrowing(NullPointerException ex) throws Throwable {

        System.out.println("the exception:" + ex);
    }

}


三个拦截器和Servce实现类需要配置到spring中。实际上,spring无法组装,需要借助代理类,把拦截器安装到NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor中,把自定义的bean安装到ProxyFactoryBean中,然后组装在一起:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd">

    <!-- 拦截器 在 withAop() 方法前运行 -->
    <bean id="aopMethodBeforeInterceptor"
        class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="advice">
            <bean
                class="com.imooc.aop.example2.MethodBeforeInterceptor" />
        </property>
        <property name="mappedName" value="withAop"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 拦截器 在 withAop() 返回后运行 -->
    <bean id="aopMethodAfterInterceptor"
        class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="advice">
            <bean
                class="com.imooc.aop.example2.MethodAfterInterceptor" />
        </property>
        <property name="mappedName" value="withAop"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 拦截器 在异常抛出后运行 -->
    <bean id="aopThrowsInterceptor"
        class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="advice">
            <bean
                class="com.imooc.aop.example2.ThrowsInterceptor" />
        </property>
        <property name="mappedName" value="withAop"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="aopService"
        class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 拦截器 -->
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>aopMethodBeforeInterceptor</value>
                <value>aopMethodAfterInterceptor</value>
                <value>aopThrowsInterceptor</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!-- 被拦截的对象 -->
        <property name="target">
            <bean
                class="com.imooc.aop.example2.AopServiceImpl">
    
                    <property name="name" value="forezp"></property>
            
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

单元测试:



method invoke:withAop

with aop run: forezp

method withAophad finished and return value-forezp

without aop

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