iOS中的用户权限

在人们越来越注意隐私的今天，用户的app的权限的下放也越来越谨慎。

得到权限的过程，一般分为两种：1. 一次获取要用的所有权限； 2.用什么功能获取什么权限。当然两种方式各有有缺点，方法一，用户体验好，但是用户可能不完全明白权限的用途。方法二，也是现在大部分app的做法，使用过程中不断的弹框获取提示获取权限，不过这样用户也明白权限的用途。

下面列举一下主要的权限获取和检验方法（iOS8以后的版本为例）：

1. 相册

//头文件   iOS8以后版本可用PhotoKit
#import <Photos/Photos.h>

检查是否有相册权限

PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
        switch (photoAuthStatus) {
            case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                NSLog(@"未询问用户是否授权");
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                NSLog(@"未授权，例如家长控制");
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
                NSLog(@"未授权，用户拒绝造成的");
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                NSLog(@"同意授权相册");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }

获取相册权限

[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
            if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
                NSLog(@"用户同意授权相册");
            }else {
                NSLog(@"用户拒绝授权相册");
            }      
        }];

2. 相机和麦克风

//头文件   
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

检查是否有相机权限或者麦克风权限

AVF_EXPORT NSString *const AVMediaTypeVideo                 NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0); //相机
AVF_EXPORT NSString *const AVMediaTypeAudio                 NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0);//麦克风

AVAuthorizationStatus videoAuthStatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
        switch (videoAuthStatus) {
            case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                NSLog(@"未询问用户是否授权");
                break;
            case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                NSLog(@"未授权，例如家长控制");
                break;
            case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:
                NSLog(@"未授权，用户拒绝造成的");
                break;
            case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                NSLog(@"同意授权相机");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }

获取相机权限或者麦克风权限

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
            if (granted){
                NSLog(@"用户同意授权相机");
            }else {
                NSLog(@"用户拒绝授权相机");
            }
            
        }];

3. 推送

检查是否有推送权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *notificationSettings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
        switch (notificationSettings.types) {
            case UIUserNotificationTypeNone:
                NSLog(@"没有推送权限");
                break;
            case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:
                NSLog(@"带角标的推送");
                break;
            case UIUserNotificationTypeSound:
                NSLog(@"带声音的推送");
                break;
            case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:
                NSLog(@"带通知的推送");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }

获取推送权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *notificationSettings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeAlert|UIUserNotificationTypeBadge|UIUserNotificationTypeSound  categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:notificationSettings];

4. 通讯录

//头文件     iOS9之后苹果推荐使用<Contacts/Contacts.h>
#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>

检查是否有通讯录权限

ABAuthorizationStatus authorizationStatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
        switch (authorizationStatus) {
            case  kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                NSLog(@"未询问用户是否授权");
                break;
            case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                NSLog(@"未授权，例如家长控制");
                break;
            case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
                NSLog(@"未授权，用户拒绝造成的");
                break;
            case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                NSLog(@"同意授权通讯录");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }

获取通讯录权限

ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
              if (granted) {
                NSLog(@"用户同意授权通讯录");
                CFRelease(addressBook);
            } else {
                NSLog(@"用户拒绝授权通讯录");
            }
        });

5. 日历和备忘录

//头文件   
#import <EventKit/EventKit.h>

检查是否有日历权限或者备忘录权限

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {
    EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历
    EKEntityTypeReminder//备忘录
};

EKAuthorizationStatus status = [EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
        switch (status) {
            case  EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                NSLog(@"未询问用户是否授权");
                break;
            case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                NSLog(@"未授权，例如家长控制");
                break;
            case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied:
                NSLog(@"未授权，用户拒绝造成的");
                break;
            case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                NSLog(@"同意授权日历");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }

获取日历权限或者备忘录权限

        EKEventStore *eventStore = [[EKEventStore alloc] init];
        
        [eventStore requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent
                                   completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError *error) {
                                       if (error) {
                                           NSLog(@"日历出现了错误");
                                           return;
                                       }
                                       if (granted) {
                                           NSLog(@"用户同意授权日历");
                                       } else {
                                           NSLog(@"用户拒绝授权日历");
                                       }
                                       
                                   }];

6. 定位

//头文件
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

由于iOS8之后定位方法的改变，需要现在info.plist中进行配置

info.png

检查是否有定位权限

        BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];  //是否开启定位服务
        if (!isLocation) {
            NSLog(@"用户未开启定位");
            return ;
        }
        CLAuthorizationStatus locationStatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
        switch (locationStatus) {
            case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                NSLog(@"未询问用户是否授权");
                break;
            case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                NSLog(@"未授权，例如家长控制");
                break;
            case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
                NSLog(@"未授权，用户拒绝造成的");
                break;
            case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
                NSLog(@"同意授权一直获取定位信息");
                break;
            case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
                NSLog(@"同意授权在使用时获取定位信息");
                break;
                
            default:
                break;
        }

获取定位权限

      CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
      [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
      [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用时获取定位信息

定位中还有一个代理方法，可以查看权限改变

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{
    switch (status) {
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            NSLog(@"未询问用户是否授权");
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            NSLog(@"未授权，例如家长控制");
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
            NSLog(@"未授权，用户拒绝造成的");
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
            NSLog(@"同意授权一直获取定位信息");
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
            NSLog(@"同意授权在使用时获取定位信息");
            break;
            
        default:
            break;
    }
}

---

所有获取权限的方法用户进行了第一次操作之后，都会没有用了，iOS8之后苹果把这些设置都整合在了一起，通过下面这个方法则可以打开。

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];

最后这是一个非常优秀的权限管理库PermissionScope
本文的Demo