20220516《卫报》网络仇恨犯罪是谁的锅
Buffalo (布法罗)might never have happened if online hate had been tackled （v.解决）after Christchurch（2019年发生 基督城）.
Social media giants (巨头)Meta(原先的facebook), Twitter and Google have done little to fight radicalisation (radical[adj]—radicalise[v]—radicalisation[n]激进), violating （违背）their own rules.
1.Americans are facing another tragedy （悲剧）-this time in Buffalo-as (表伴随)11 Black and two white victims were shot in a “racially （adv,人种上）motivated （推动）hate crime（固定搭配：仇恨犯罪）”/ suspected（怀疑） to have been perpetrated （v犯罪）by a young man who spent much of his life online,where he appears to （好像）have been radicalized. He used the same digital(数字) playbook (球队战术册 代指策略)as the Christchurch terrorist(n恐怖分子 terrorism 恐怖主义):livestream(stream流，小溪 网络直播) footage (影片)of his attack and a “manifesto（n宣言）”/that quoted （引用）the same “great replacement（黑人替代白人）”and other white supremacist （白人至上）theories.He mentions （提及）the Christchurch terrorist by name (用名字)in his manifesto.
段落大意：引出话题：布法罗发生枪击案，是典型的种族仇恨犯罪，和基督城袭击有相似之处。
2.In our most recent research report /looking at （关注）ant(反)-Muslim hate, we found that(引导经典宾从) the big social media companies were collectively (集体地)failing to act （担任/把控）/on 89% of posts （帖子）that advocated（鼓励） the great replacement theory-（破折号补充说明）despite (翻译逻辑重点开始)pledges (诺言)/made in the wake of (随···之后而来)the Christchurch terrorist attack and subsequent(adj 随后), ideologically（意识形态地） driven violent extremism （n极端主义）attacks at the Tree of Life Synagogue （犹太教堂）in Pittsburgh(皮斯堡); in Halle（哈乐视）, Germany（德国 German 德国的/德国人）; and in El Paso.These are not “lone wolf(喜欢单干的人)”attacks. The individuals are connected /through online communities （社区）/on social media, where they share ideas, tactics (n策略)and content（内容）.
段落大意：背景补充 社交媒体平台没有积极把控极端内容，激进分子通过社交媒体分享信息。
3.In a joint(联合的) statement （声明）in 2019,Meta, Twitter and Google committed （承诺）【be committed to doing sth commit sb/themselves to do sth】to uphold (支持)the Christchurch Call （基督城呼吁）to eliminate （消除）terrorist and violent extremist content online.They stated that they would be “resolute (同义：determined)in their commitment/to ensure they are doing all they can to fight the hatred and extremism that lead to terrorist violence. ”
段落大意：各大社交媒体巨头曾经承诺坚决打击网络仇恨和极端主义。
4.***The failure of social media companies(sb) /to act sufficiently (adv充分地)on /known（已知的） racists（种族主义者）connected with terrorism /is a violation（违反） of 1.their own terms and conditions（条款）,2. the pledges made to an international community when the cameras were rolling(v (机器)启动)在镜头面前,3.and the dignity (尊严)that victims of Buffalo were entitled to （有资格做某事）have-the right to life.
段落大意：社交媒体巨头未能遵守承诺监管内容，违背了多项原则。
5.Social media and online spaces are often where people meet,seek information and become radicalised through a rabbit-hole (兔子窝 代指无底洞)of lies, hate and misinformation（假消息）. Those with fringe (边缘的/非主流的)beliefs will be exposed to increasingly more radical content /as a result of recommendation algorithms(算法).The failure of social media giants to effectively tackle online hate and misinformation has real-world impacts. Words can kill.
段落大意：社交网络助长激进主义和犯罪的原因
6.Perhaps the only (thing that （定从）explains )=(reason)why（宾从）-despite so many pledges ,so many platitudes (n 老生常谈)and commitments to voluntary frameworks(自愿性框架)-{the social media platforms have failed to act }is because of the memo (备忘录)that Andrew Bosworth, now chief technical officer of Meta, wrote to his fellow employees on their internal （内部的）messaging board, called the Ugly Truth.In it he said:“ So we connect more people.That can be bad if they make it negative.Maybe it costs a life by exposing someone to bullies(bully 仗势欺人者).Maybe someone dies in a terrorist attack co-ordinated (坐标/使···协调)on our tools.And still we connect people.”
段落大意：以Meta为代表的科技公司尽管深知社交媒体的负面影响，仍不作为。
7.It is, quite simply ,a bald (adj 赤裸裸的)statement of personal indifference （n漠不关心）（to the grief（悲痛） of people,families and our nations.）
段落大意：作者对A B 言论的批判。
8.It is time for governments to act-much as (尽管/就像)they are doing with the online safety bill 《网络安全法案》in the United Kingdom and the Digital Services Act 《数字服务法案》in the European Union-to increase safety, transparency (透明度)and democratic accountability （n负有责任）, and ensure （还是to后面的动词）that the responsibility for harm （伤害）is borne （原形 bear v.承担）by social media companies, not just by our societies.
段落大意：各国政府应该积极采取行动，督促社交媒体平台承担应有的责任。
9.The holdout (n拒不合作者)remains the US, where there is no real urgency to the debate（讨论） beyond （prep.除了···以外）flaccid （文艺词：松弛的）claims （声称）that one side or another（某一方或者另外一方） is being “cancelled”【cancel culture取消文化 指一个人被抵制】.此处指一个人的言论自由。The grim（严峻的）, inevitable（不可避免的）, reductive（简单化的）, partisan （偏袒的）politicization (政治化 politicize v 政治化)of /yet（强调作用） another important debate has slowed progress,「有的没得的讨论」,and yet it had become impossibly （不可能的/难以置信的）clear, after 6 January 2021（指国会暴乱事件）, after pandemic (疫情)misinformation claimed（v夺走） tens of thousands of （成千上万）American lives, and now, after Buffalo, that if we leave things to social media companies, people all around the world will suffer（受难）.It is time for US politicians to take action.
段落大意：美国政客长期轻视网络管控的重要性，但多次悲剧事件表明行动刻不容缓。
3～5社交媒体反应 6～7社交媒体想法 8～9 倡议 作者善于长难句
活动活动眼睛，关爱眼健康
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