配置Mysql的主从复制

2018-05-31  本文已影响8人  从你说谎

事例基于Linux系统

1. 准备两个数据库

主库:192.168.239.234
从库:192.168.239.235
两个数据库的版本最好一致

2. 主库Master配置

[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/
bin      data  include  man     mysql-test  scripts  sql-bench
COPYING  docs  lib      my.cnf  README      share    support-files
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]
//添加如下代码
log-bin=mysql-bin //开启二进制日志
server-id=1 //设置server-id

之后保存退出

//重启Mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
//打开Mysql会话
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
//输入密码之后进入会话

//创建用户并授权:用户:synchro 密码:123456
mysql> CREATE USER 'synchro'@'192.168.239.235' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; //创建用户
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'synchro'@'192.168.239.235'; //分配权限
mysql> flush privileges; //刷新权限
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS; //查看状态
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000006 |      120 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3. 从库slave配置

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]
//添加如下代码
server-id=2 //设置server-id,必须唯一
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.239.234',
    -> MASTER_USER='synchro',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=120; //注意最后的数字不带单引号
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.239.234
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000009
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
              Relay_Log_Space: 623
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 7d55ead0-f134-11e7-bd0c-000c294d0dd7
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

Slave_IO_RunningSlave_SQL_Running都为YES的时候就表示主从同步设置成功了, 然后就可以通过插入数据等操作来测试同步是否可用。还可以关闭slave(mysql> stop slave;),然后再修改master,看slave是否也相应修改(停止slave后,master的修改不会同步到slave),就可以完成主从复制功能的验证了。

master开启二进制日志后默认记录所有库所有表的操作,可以通过配置来指定只记录指定的数据库甚至指定的表的操作,具体在mysql配置文件的 [mysqld] 可添加修改如下选项:

// 不同步哪些数据库  
binlog-ignore-db = mysql  
binlog-ignore-db = test  
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema  

//只同步哪些数据库,除此之外,其他不同步  
binlog-do-db = game  
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