jvm调优

jvm 优化篇-(5)-YongGC 回收WeakRefere

2019-12-06  本文已影响0人  tianlang136520
死神---浦原喜助

引用分类:

Java4种引用的级别由高到低依次为:

强引用 > 软引用 > 弱引用 > 虚引用

Java4中引用在垃圾回收中区别:

引用类型 回收♻️时间 用途 生存周期
强引用(StrongReference) -- 正常使用 JVM停止⏹
软引用(WeakReference) FullGC(❌cms-oldgc❌) 系统内部缓存 OOM前
弱引用(WeakReference) YongGC 对象缓存 YongGC发生前
虚引用(PhantomReference) -- -- --

今天重点讨论--->WeakReference

第一个问题:如何证明WeakReference在YongGC被回收♻️?

启动参数:

  -Xmx50M -Xms50M -Xmn10M -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=90 -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCDetails  -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
-XX:+PrintReferenceGC -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        WeakReference<User> weakReference = new WeakReference<User>(new User("xiali", "123", "男", 18));
        System.out.println("beforeGC:" + weakReference.get());
        // 触发yonggc
        allactionMemory();
        // 防止yonggc耗时过长,先睡5s
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
        System.out.println("afterGC:" + weakReference.get());
    }
    public static void allactionMemory(){
        int size =1024*1024*12;
        int len =size/(10*1024);
        List<byte[]> list = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
        for (int i =0;i<len;i++) {
            try {
                byte[] bytes = new byte[10*1024];
                list.add(bytes);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
            }
        }
    }
    static class User {
        private String userName;
        private String password;
        private String sex;
        private int age;
        public User(String userName, String password, String sex, int age) {
            this.userName = userName;
            this.password = password;
            this.sex = sex;
            this.age = age;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }

运行结果:

beforeGC:User{userName='xiali', password='123', sex='男', age=18}
{Heap before GC invocations=0 (full 0):
 par new generation   total 9216K, used 8192K [0x00000007bce00000, 0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007bd800000)
  eden space 8192K, 100% used [0x00000007bce00000, 0x00000007bd600000, 0x00000007bd600000)
  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000007bd600000, 0x00000007bd600000, 0x00000007bd700000)
  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000007bd700000, 0x00000007bd700000, 0x00000007bd800000)
 concurrent mark-sweep generation total 40960K, used 0K [0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007c0000000, 0x00000007c0000000)
 Metaspace       used 3198K, capacity 4500K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 354K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K
2019-11-30T23:05:49.532-0800: [GC (Allocation Failure) 2019-11-30T23:05:49.532-0800: [ParNew2019-11-30T23:05:49.541-0800: [SoftReference, 0 refs, 0.0000247 secs]2019-11-30T23:05:49.541-0800: [WeakReference, 8 refs, 0.0000108 secs]2019-11-30T23:05:49.541-0800: [FinalReference, 0 refs, 0.0000083 secs]2019-11-30T23:05:49.541-0800: [PhantomReference, 0 refs, 0 refs, 0.0000104 secs]2019-11-30T23:05:49.541-0800: [JNI Weak Reference, 0.0000098 secs]
Desired survivor size 524288 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 6)
- age   1:    1039264 bytes,    1039264 total
: 8192K->1024K(9216K), 0.0086417 secs] 8192K->6662K(50176K), 0.0086800 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.01, real=0.01 secs] 
Heap after GC invocations=1 (full 0):
 par new generation   total 9216K, used 1024K [0x00000007bce00000, 0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007bd800000)
  eden space 8192K,   0% used [0x00000007bce00000, 0x00000007bce00000, 0x00000007bd600000)
  from space 1024K, 100% used [0x00000007bd700000, 0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007bd800000)
  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000007bd600000, 0x00000007bd600000, 0x00000007bd700000)
 concurrent mark-sweep generation total 40960K, used 5638K [0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007c0000000, 0x00000007c0000000)
 Metaspace       used 3198K, capacity 4500K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 354K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K
}
2019-11-30T23:05:49.541-0800: Total time for which application threads were stopped: 0.0088985 seconds, Stopping threads took: 0.0000389 seconds
2019-11-30T23:05:50.544-0800: Total time for which application threads were stopped: 0.0000546 seconds, Stopping threads took: 0.0000167 seconds
2019-11-30T23:05:53.560-0800: Total time for which application threads were stopped: 0.0001106 seconds, Stopping threads took: 0.0000233 seconds
afterGC:null
Heap
 par new generation   total 9216K, used 7756K [0x00000007bce00000, 0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007bd800000)
  eden space 8192K,  82% used [0x00000007bce00000, 0x00000007bd493310, 0x00000007bd600000)
  from space 1024K, 100% used [0x00000007bd700000, 0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007bd800000)
  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000007bd600000, 0x00000007bd600000, 0x00000007bd700000)
 concurrent mark-sweep generation total 40960K, used 5638K [0x00000007bd800000, 0x00000007c0000000, 0x00000007c0000000)
 Metaspace       used 3352K, capacity 4500K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 371K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

重点部分:
beforeGC:User{userName='xiali', password='123', sex='男', age=18}
afterGC:null
其他日志均为gclog。

第二个问题:ThreadLocalMap中Entry的Key是WeakReference,如果Yonggc时Key就会被回收♻️掉,应该会影响程序运行?但是现实中问题Yonggc又没有回收掉呢?为什么ThreadLocal被称为线程本地变量?

了解ThreadLocal,前提就要搞明白:Thread、ThreadLocalMap、ThreadLocal、Entry的关系是什么?

image.png
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

Eg:创建四个ThreadLocal变量,其中前三个是Yonggc前操作的复制,第四个变量是Yonggc后进行操作赋值方便观察ThreadLocalMap中的变化。

启动参数:-Xmx50M -Xms50M -Xmn10M -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=90 -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCDetails  -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
-XX:+PrintReferenceGC -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution 

public class TestYGCCleanTLKey {                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
    static ThreadLocal<TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();                                
    static ThreadLocal<TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User> threadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();                               
    static ThreadLocal<TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();                               
    static ThreadLocal<TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User> threadLocal3 = new ThreadLocal<>();                               
                                                                                                                                
    public static void main(String[] args) {                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
        threadLocal.set(new TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User("xiali", "123", "男", 18));                                    
                                                                                                                                
        threadLocal1.set(new TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User("xiali", "111", "男", 18));                                   
                                                                                                                                
        threadLocal2.set(new TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User("xiali", "222", "男", 18));                                   
                                                                                                                                
        // 触发yonggc,尝试回收wkr                                                                                                     
        allactionMemory();                                                                                                      
        // debug观察Thread中的Entry情况:                                                                                              
        threadLocal3.set(new TestThreadLocalWeakReferenceMain.User("kobe", "888", "男", 38));                                    
        System.out.println("结束");                                                                                               
        System.out.println(threadLocal.get());                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
    }                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
    public static void allactionMemory(){                                                                                                                                                                                                           
        int size =1024*1024*12;                                                                                                 
        int len =size/(10*1024);                                                                                                                                                                                                            
        List<byte[]> list = new ArrayList<byte[]>();                                                                                                                                                                                          
        for (int i =0;i<len;i++) {                                                                                              
            try {                                                                                                               
                byte[] bytes = new byte[10*1024];                                                                               
                list.add(bytes);                                                                                                
            } catch (Exception e) {                                                                                             
                e.printStackTrace();                                                                                            
            } finally {                                                                                                         
            }                                                                                                                   
        }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
    }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
}                                                                                                                               
debug过程截图
经过debug发现,Yonggc是不能回收♻️ThreadLocalMap中Entry的弱引用Key的。
但是如果在执行Yonggc回收♻️前将前三个Threadlocal变量置为null呢?结果会怎样呢???

调整代码:


Yonggc执行前ThreadLocalMap中对象状态 Yonggc执行之后ThreadLocalMap中对象的状态

通过将变量置为null,经过Yonggc后ThreadLocalMap中Entry的Key被成功释放,但是Value依然存在!这也就是ThreadLocal常说的存在内存泄漏风险!!!

threadLocal = null;
threadLocal1 = null;
threadLocal2 = null;
到底是什么原因造成了这个显现的呢?

JVM运行时内存分配如下图:


JVM未回收♻️前内存分布
JVM进行Yonggc回收♻️后内存分布
结论:

第三个问题:既然存在内存泄漏风险,为何ThreadLocal还采用WKR的方式设计Entry的key呢?

首先要澄清ThreadLocal存在内存泄露风险原因是复杂的,多种场景柔和在一起导致的(Web应用前端是使用tomcat线程池,首先线程不会释放,那么同生同死的ThreadLocalMap就一直存活,加大了内存泄漏的风险 )和Entry的Key设计成弱引用没有关系!

原因是:ThreadLocalMap的设计中已经考虑到这种情况,也加上了一些防护措施:在ThreadLocal的get(),set(),remove()的时候都会清除线程ThreadLocalMap里所有key为null的value。
同时ThreadLocalMap采用弱引用的的设计优势:

第四个问题:眼尖的同学会问了为什么第一个例子中WeakReference<User> weakReference = new WeakReference<User>(new User("xiali", "123", "男", 18)); 为甚么会被Yonggc回收♻️掉呢?

将第一个列子改一下:
public class WeakReferenceTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        User user = new User("xiali", "123", "男", 18);
        WeakReference<User> weakReference = new WeakReference<User>(user);
        System.out.println("beforeGC:" + weakReference.get());
        // 触发yonggc
        allactionMemory();
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
        System.out.println("afterGC:" + weakReference.get());
    }

    public static void allactionMemory() {
        int size = 1024 * 1024 * 12;
        int len = size / (10 * 1024);
        List<byte[]> list = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            try {
                byte[] bytes = new byte[10 * 1024];
                list.add(bytes);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
            }
        }
    }

    static class User {
        private String userName;
        private String password;
        private String sex;
        private int age;
        public User(String userName, String password, String sex, int age) {
            this.userName = userName;
            this.password = password;
            this.sex = sex;
            this.age = age;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }
}

结果和ThreadLocal原理是一样的:User经过Yonggc回收♻️依然不能进行清理掉。
强引用与弱引用同时指向user的内存地址!
有且只有弱引用指向user内存地址,YongGC执行♻️时才能将WeakReference回收掉。

第五个问题:从WKR & ThreadLocal 设计中思考🤔日后开发中能提升什么❓

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