iOS开发好文将来跳槽用加密

iOS常用的加密模式

2017-03-31  本文已影响1974人  大雄記

之前的项目中接触过一些加密的方法,也没有太仔细的进行记录和研究。最近在写SDK时,加密模块的占比相当之大;借此时机,对我们常用的加密方式做一个笔记。

为什么要做加密操作?
加密就是为了保证我们的数据安全,即不被他人篡改或截取到有用的信息的操作。iOS一直以安全著称,但是从XcodeGhost事件之后,iOS安全不可摧的神话似乎已经被打破。事实证明,无论是Android还是iOS,该加密处理的还是需要加密处理,谁也不能保证自己一定是安全的。下面我们来介绍iOS常用到的加密方式。

iOS常用加密方式

常见的iOS代码加密常用加密方式包括Base64加密MD5加密AES加密RSA加密等。无论选择哪种加密算法,最终都是为了保证代码安全,捍卫自己的产品原创性。

Base64加密

Base64编码的思想是:采用64个基本的ASCII码字符对数据进行重新编码。它将需要编码的数据拆分成字节数组,以3个字节为一组,按顺序排列24位数据,再把这24位数据分成4组,即每组6位;再在每组的的最高位前补两个0凑足一个字节,这样就把一个3字节为一组的数据重新编码成了4个字节;当所要编码的数据的字节数不是3的整倍数,也就是说在分组时最后一组不够3个字节,这时在最后一组填充120字节,并在最后编码完成后在结尾添加12=号。例如:将对ABC进行Base64编码首先取ABC对应的ASCII码值,A : 65B : 66C : 67,再取二进制值A : 01000001B : 01000010C : 01000011,然后把这三个字节的二进制码接起来010000010100001001000011,再以6位为单位分成4个数据块并在最高位填充两个0后形成4个字节的编码后的值00010000000101000000100100000011;再把这4个字节数据转化成10进制数1620193;最后根据Base64给出的64个基本字符表,查出对应的ASCII码字符QUJD,这里的值实际就是数据在字符表中的索引。解码过程就是把4个字节再还原成3个字节再根据不同的数据形式把字节数组重新整理成数据。注:Base64字符表,包括大写A-Z小写a-z数字0-9+以及/

Base64加密原则:6bit(原8bit)一个字节,不足的位数用0补齐,两个0用一个=表示。
Base64加密特点:
- 数据加密之后,数据量会变大,变大1/3左右。
- 可进行反向解密。
- 编码后有个非常显著的特点,末尾有个=号。

在iOS中Base64加解密使用方法介绍(本例使用系统API,仅支持iOS7及以后的系统版本)

/****************************Base64.m类实现文件内容****************************/
+ (NSString *)base64EncodedStringWithData:(NSData *)data
{
    //判断是否传入需要加密数据参数
    if ((data == nil) || (data == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![data isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断设备系统是否满足条件
    if ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] doubleValue] <= 6.9) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //使用系统的API进行Base64加密操作
    NSDataBase64EncodingOptions options;
    options = NSDataBase64EncodingEndLineWithLineFeed;
    return [data base64EncodedStringWithOptions:options];
}

+ (NSData *)base64DecodeDataWithString:(NSString *)string
{
    //判断是否传入需要加密数据参数
    if ((string == nil) || (string == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![string isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断设备系统是否满足条件
    if ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] doubleValue] <= 6.9) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //使用系统的API进行Base64解密操作
    NSDataBase64DecodingOptions options;
    options = NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters;
    return [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:string options:options];
}
/*****************************************************************************/

//使用Base64文件进行Base64加密和解密
/*********************************使用Base64类*********************************/
//使用Base64执行加密操作
NSString *string = @"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
NSData *data = [string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString *encodeString = [Base64 base64EncodedStringWithData:data];
NSLog(@"encodeString : %@", encodeString);

//使用Base64执行解密操作
NSString *decodeString = nil;
NSData *decodeData = [Base64 base64DecodeDataWithString:encodeString];
decodeString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:decodeData
                                     encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"decodeString : %@", decodeString);
/******************************************************************************/

MD5加密(MD5是一种摘要,而非加密,只是经常与加密配合使用)

MD5的全称是Message-DigestAlgorithm 5Message-Digest泛指字节串(Message)的Hash变换,就是把一个任意长度的字节串变换成一定长的大整数。请注意我使用了字节串而不是字符串这个词,是因为这种变换只与字节的值有关,与字符集或编码方式无关。MD5将任意长度的字节串变换成一个128bit的大整数,并且它是一个不可逆的字符串变换算法,换句话说就是,即使你看到源程序和算法描述,也无法将一个MD5的值变换回原始的字符串,从数学原理上说,是因为原始的字符串有无穷多个,这有点象不存在反函数的数学函数。MD5的典型应用是对一段Message(字节串)产生fingerprint(指纹),以防止被"篡改"。举个例子,你将一段话写在一个叫readme.txt文件中,并对这个readme.txt产生一个MD5的值并记录在案,然后你可以传播这个文件给别人,别人如果修改了文件中的任何内容,你对这个文件重新计算MD5时就会发现。如果再有一个第三方的认证机构,用MD5还可以防止文件作者的"抵赖",这就是所谓的数字签名应用。MD5还广泛用于加密和解密技术上,在很多操作系统中,用户的密码是以MD5值(或类似的其它算法)的方式保存的,用户Login的时候,系统是把用户输入的密码计算成MD5值,然后再去和系统中保存的MD5值进行比较,而系统并"不知道"用户的密码是什么。MD5加密大体都应用在:验证数据或文件一致性、数字签名、安全访问认证等等。大概可比喻为:人的指纹来理解。
注:MD5加密是不可逆的,也就是说,MD5加密后是不能解密的,所谓的解密只是用大数据的”试用”,来测出结果的。

MD5特点:
- 压缩性 : 任意长度的数据,算出的MD5值长度都是固定的。
- 容易计算 : 从原数据计算出MD5值很容易。
- 抗修改性 : 对原数据进行任何改动,哪怕只修改一个字节,所得到的MD5值都有很大区别。
- 弱抗碰撞 : 已知原数据和其MD5值,想找到一个具有相同MD5值的数据(即伪造数据)是非常困难的。
- 强抗碰撞 : 想找到两个不同数据,使他们具有相同的MD5值,是非常困难的。

在iOS中MD5加密和验签使用方法介绍

/****************************MD5.m类实现文件内容****************************/
//对字符串数据进行MD5的签名
+ (NSString *)md5SignWithString:(NSString *)string
{
    const char *object = [string UTF8String];
    unsigned char result[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    CC_MD5(object,(CC_LONG)strlen(object),result);
    NSMutableString *hash = [NSMutableString string];
    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i ++) {
        [hash appendFormat:@"%02X", result[i]];
    }
    return [hash lowercaseString];
}

//对二进制数据进行MD5的签名
+ (NSData *)md5SignWithData:(NSData *)data
{
    Byte byte[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];    //定义一个字节数组来接收结果
    CC_MD5((const void*)([data bytes]), (CC_LONG)[data length], byte);
    return [NSData dataWithBytes:byte length:CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
}
/******************************************************************************/

//使用MD5文件进行MD5加密和验签
/*********************************使用MD5类*********************************/
//使用MD5执行加密操作
NSString *string2 = @"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
NSString *encodeString2 = [MD5 md5SignWithString:string2];
NSLog(@"encodeString2 : %@", encodeString2);

//MD5为不可逆的操作,使用MD5执行验签操作
NSString *verifyString2 = [MD5 md5SignWithString:string2];
NSLog(@"verifyString2 : %@", verifyString2);
if ([verifyString2 isEqualToString:encodeString2]) {
    NSLog(@"md5 verify sign success");
} else {
    NSLog(@"md5 verify sign failed");
}
/******************************************************************************/

AES加密

高级加密标准Advanced Encryption Standard简称:AES,在密码学中又称Rijndael加密法,是美国联邦政府采用的一种区块加密标准。它是一种对称加密算法,这个标准也替代原先的DES标准,已经被多方分析且广为全世界所使用。AES设计有三个密钥长度:128、192、256位,相对而言,AES的128密钥比DES的56密钥强1021倍。AES算法主要包括三个方面:轮变化、圈数和密钥扩展。总体来说,AES作为新一代的数据加密标准汇聚了强安全性、高性能、高效率、易用和灵活,在软件及硬件上都能快速地加解密且只需要很少的存储资源等优点。

AES加密流程介绍无从下笔,直接上图了。


AES加解密特点:
- AES强安全性、高性能、高效率、易用和灵活。
- 在软件及硬件上都能快速地加解密且只需要很少的存储资源。

在iOS中AES加解密的实现介绍

//需要导入:#import <CommonCrypto/CommonCrypto.h>库才能使用
/**
 *  AES128 + ECB + PKCS7
 *  @param data 要加密的原始数据
 *  @param key  加密 key
 *  @return  加密后数据
 */
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data key:(NSData *)key
{
    //判断解密的流数据是否存在
    if ((data == nil) || (data == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![data isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([data length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断解密的Key是否存在
    if ((key == nil) || (key == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![key isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([key length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //setup key
    NSData *result = nil;
    unsigned char cKey[kCCKeySizeAES128];
    bzero(cKey, sizeof(cKey));
    [key getBytes:cKey length:kCCKeySizeAES128];
    
    //setup output buffer
    size_t bufferSize = [data length] + kCCBlockSizeAES128;
    void *buffer = malloc(bufferSize);
    
    //do encrypt
    size_t encryptedSize = 0;
    CCCryptorStatus cryptStatus = CCCrypt(kCCEncrypt,
                                          kCCAlgorithmAES128,
                                          kCCOptionECBMode|kCCOptionPKCS7Padding,
                                          cKey,
                                          kCCKeySizeAES128,
                                          nil,
                                          [data bytes],
                                          [data length],
                                          buffer,
                                          bufferSize,
                                          &encryptedSize);
    if (cryptStatus == kCCSuccess) {
        result = [NSData dataWithBytesNoCopy:buffer length:encryptedSize];
    } else {
        free(buffer);
    }
    return result;
}


/**
 *  AES128 + ECB + PKCS7
 *  @param data 要解密的原始数据
 *  @param key  解密 key
 *  @return  解密后数据
 */
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data key:(NSData *)key
{
    //判断解密的流数据是否存在
    if ((data == nil) || (data == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![data isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([data length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断解密的Key是否存在
    if ((key == nil) || (key == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![key isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([key length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //setup key
    NSData *result = nil;
    unsigned char cKey[kCCKeySizeAES128];
    bzero(cKey, sizeof(cKey));
    [key getBytes:cKey length:kCCKeySizeAES128];
    
    //setup output buffer
    size_t bufferSize = [data length] + kCCBlockSizeAES128;
    void *buffer = malloc(bufferSize);
    
    //do decrypt
    size_t decryptedSize = 0;
    CCCryptorStatus cryptStatus = CCCrypt(kCCDecrypt,
                                          kCCAlgorithmAES128,
                                          kCCOptionECBMode|kCCOptionPKCS7Padding,
                                          cKey,
                                          kCCKeySizeAES128,
                                          nil,
                                          [data bytes],
                                          [data length],
                                          buffer,
                                          bufferSize,
                                          &decryptedSize);
    if (cryptStatus == kCCSuccess) {
        result = [NSData dataWithBytesNoCopy:buffer length:decryptedSize];
    } else {
        free(buffer);
    }
    return result;
}

在iOS中AES加解密使用方法介绍

//使用AES执行加密操作
NSString *aesKey = @"a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8";
NSString *string3 = @"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
NSData *keyData3 = [aesKey dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSData *sourceData3 = [string3 dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSData *encodeData3 = [AESEncrypt encryptData:sourceData3 key:keyData3];
NSLog(@"encodeData3 : %@", encodeData3);

//使用AES执行解密操作
NSString *decodeString3 = nil;
NSData *decodeData3 = [AESEncrypt decryptData:encodeData3
                                          key:keyData3];
decodeString3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:decodeData3
                                      encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"decodeString3 : %@", decodeString3);

RSA加密

RSA是目前最有影响力的公钥加密算法,它能够抵抗到目前为止已知的绝大多数密码攻击,已被ISO推荐为公钥数据加密标准。RSA的公开密钥密码体制就是使用不同的加密密钥与解密密钥,是一种“由已知加密密钥推导出解密密钥在计算上是不可行的”密码体制。通常是先生成一对RSA密钥,其中之一是保密密钥,由用户保存;另一个为公开密钥,可对外公开,甚至可在网络服务器中注册。为提高保密强度,RSA密钥至少为500位长,一般推荐使用1024位,这就使加密的计算量很大。为减少计算量,在传送信息时,常采用传统加密方法与公开密钥加密方法相结合的方式,即信息采用改进的DES或IDEA对话密钥加密,然后使用RSA密钥加密对话密钥和信息摘要,对方收到信息后,用不同的密钥解密并可核对信息摘要。RSA算法是第一个能同时用于加密和数字签名的算法,也易于理解和操作,RSA是被研究得最广泛的公钥算法。RSA算法是一种非对称密码算法,所谓非对称,就是指该算法需要一对密钥,使用其中一个加密,则需要用另一个才能解密。RSA加密大体都应用在:本地数据加密、网络传输数据加密、方法体和方法名高级混淆以及程序结构混排加密。例如:对客户端传输数据提供加密方案,有效防止通过网络接口的拦截获取。

RSA的算法涉及三个参数,n、e1、e2。其中,n是两个大质数p、q的积,n的二进制表示时所占用的位数,就是所谓的密钥长度。e1和e2是一对相关的值,e1可以任意取,但要求e1与(p-1)(q-1)互质;再选择e2,要求(e2e1)mod((p-1)*(q-1))=1。(n,e1),(n,e2)就是密钥对。其中(n,e1)为公钥,(n,e2)为私钥;RSA加解密的算法完全相同,公钥加密体制中,一般用公钥加密,私钥解密。假设A为明文,B为密文,则:A=B^e2 mod n;B=A^e1 mod n;e1和e2可以互换使用,即私钥加密,公钥解密,公式:A=B^e1 mod n;B=A^e2 mod n;

RSA加解密特点:
- RSA密钥管理的方便,计算量很大速度相对比较慢。
- RSA安全性很高,能够抵抗到目前为止已知的绝大多数密码攻击。

在线生成RSA密钥对的网址:在线生成非对称加密公钥私钥对等,RSA密钥格式请使用PKCS#8格式。PKCS#1与PKCS#8的区别还待后续查阅资料,再进行补充记录。

在iOS中RSA加解密的实现介绍(支持密钥文件<.pem>和字符串密钥)

/****************************RSAEncrypt.m类实现文件内容****************************/
#pragma mark - Class Utils Method
+ (BOOL)isEmptyKeyRef:(id)object
{
    if (object == nil) {
        return YES;
    } else if (object == NULL) {
        return YES;
    } else if (object == [NSNull null]) {
        return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}


#pragma mark - Private Method
+ (SecKeyRef)getPrivateKeyRefWithFilePath:(NSString *)filePath keyPassword:(NSString *)keyPassword
{
    //读取私钥证书文件的内容
    NSData *certificateData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    if ((certificateData == nil) || (certificateData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![certificateData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([certificateData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //拼接密码参数到字典中
    NSString *passwordKey = (__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase;
    NSString *passwordValue = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",keyPassword];
    if ((keyPassword == nil) || (keyPassword == NULL)) {
        passwordValue = @"";
    } else if (![keyPassword isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        passwordValue = @"";
    } else if ([keyPassword length] <= 0) {
        passwordValue = @"";
    }
    NSMutableDictionary *optionInfo = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [optionInfo setObject:passwordValue forKey:passwordKey];
    
    //获取私钥对象
    SecKeyRef privateKeyRef = NULL;
    CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
    CFDataRef pkcs12Data = (__bridge CFDataRef)certificateData;
    CFDictionaryRef options = (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)optionInfo;
    OSStatus securityStatus = SecPKCS12Import(pkcs12Data, options, &items);
    if (securityStatus == noErr && CFArrayGetCount(items) > 0)
    {
        SecIdentityRef identity;
        const void *secpkey = kSecImportItemIdentity;
        CFDictionaryRef identityDict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items, 0);
        identity = (SecIdentityRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(identityDict,secpkey);
        securityStatus = SecIdentityCopyPrivateKey(identity, &privateKeyRef);
        if (securityStatus != noErr)
        {
            privateKeyRef = NULL;
        }
    }
    CFRelease(items);
    return privateKeyRef;
}

+ (SecKeyRef)privateKeyRefWithPrivateKey:(NSString *)privateKey
{
    //判断参数是否正确
    if ((privateKey == nil) || (privateKey == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![privateKey isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([privateKey length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //解析私钥对象内容
    NSString *pKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",privateKey];
    NSRange sposition = [pKey rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
    NSRange eposition = [pKey rangeOfString:@"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
    if (sposition.location != NSNotFound && eposition.location != NSNotFound)
    {
        NSUInteger endposition = eposition.location;
        NSUInteger startposition = sposition.location + sposition.length;
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(startposition, endposition-startposition);
        pKey = [pKey substringWithRange:range];
    }
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" "  withString:@""];
    
    //This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
    NSData *keyData = [Base64 base64DecodeDataWithString:pKey];
    keyData = [self stripPrivateKeyHeader:keyData];
    if ((keyData == nil) || (keyData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![keyData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([keyData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //a tag to read/write keychain storage
    NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PrivKey";
    const void *bytes = [tag UTF8String];
    NSData *tagData = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:[tag length]];
    
    //Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
    NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [attributes setObject:tagData
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes);
    
    //Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
    [attributes setObject:keyData forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClass];
    [attributes setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    
    OSStatus status = noErr;
    CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
    status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes, &persistKey);
    if (persistKey != nil) {CFRelease(persistKey);}
    if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem))
    {
        return nil;
    }
    
    [attributes removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [attributes removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    [attributes setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    
    //Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
    SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
    CFDictionaryRef query = (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes;
    status = SecItemCopyMatching(query, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
    if (status != noErr)
    {
        return nil;
    }
    return keyRef;
}

+ (NSData *)stripPrivateKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key
{
    //Skip ASN.1 private key header
    if (d_key == nil) return nil;
    
    unsigned long len = [d_key length];
    if (!len) return nil;
    
    unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
    unsigned int idx = 22; //magic byte at offset 22
    
    if (0x04 != c_key[idx++]) return nil;
    
    //calculate length of the key
    unsigned int c_len = c_key[idx++];
    if (!(c_len & 0x80))
    {
        c_len = c_len & 0x7f;
    }
    else
    {
        int byteCount = c_len & 0x7f;
        if (byteCount + idx > len) {
            //rsa length field longer than buffer
            return nil;
        }
        unsigned int accum = 0;
        unsigned char *ptr = &c_key[idx];
        idx += byteCount;
        while (byteCount) {
            accum = (accum << 8) + *ptr;
            ptr++;
            byteCount--;
        }
        c_len = accum;
    }
    
    //Now make a new NSData from this buffer
    return [d_key subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(idx, c_len)];
}

+ (SecKeyRef)getPublicKeyRefWithFilePath:(NSString *)filePath
{
    //读取公钥证书文件的内容
    NSData *certificateData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    if ((certificateData == nil) || (certificateData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![certificateData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([certificateData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //将公钥证书制作成证书对象
    CFDataRef data = (__bridge CFDataRef)certificateData;
    SecCertificateRef certificateRef = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, data);
    
    //获取公钥对象
    SecTrustRef trust = NULL;
    SecKeyRef publicKey = NULL;
    SecPolicyRef policies = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();
    if (![[self class] isEmptyKeyRef:(__bridge id)(certificateRef)]
        && ![[self class] isEmptyKeyRef:(__bridge id)(policies)])
    {
        OSStatus status;
        status = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates((CFTypeRef)certificateRef,
                                                policies, &trust);
        if (status == noErr)
        {
            SecTrustResultType result;
            if (SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &result) == noErr)
            {
                publicKey = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(trust);
            }
        }
    }
    if (certificateRef != NULL) CFRelease(certificateRef);
    if (policies != NULL) CFRelease(policies);
    if (trust != NULL) CFRelease(trust);
    return publicKey;
}

+ (SecKeyRef)publicKeyRefWithPublicKey:(NSString *)publicKey
{
    //判断参数是否正确
    if ((publicKey == nil) || (publicKey == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![publicKey isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([publicKey length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //解析公钥对象内容
    NSString *pKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",publicKey];
    NSRange sposition = [pKey rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    NSRange eposition = [pKey rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    if (sposition.location != NSNotFound && eposition.location != NSNotFound)
    {
        NSUInteger startposition = eposition.location;
        NSUInteger endposition = sposition.location + sposition.length;
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(endposition, startposition-endposition);
        pKey = [pKey substringWithRange:range];
    }
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
    pKey = [pKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" "  withString:@""];
    
    //This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
    NSData *keyData = [[self class] base64DecodeDataWithString:pKey];
    keyData = [self stripPublicKeyHeader:keyData];
    if ((keyData == nil) || (keyData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![keyData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([keyData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //a tag to read/write keychain storage
    NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PubKey";
    const void *bytes = [tag UTF8String];
    NSData *tagData = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:[tag length]];
    
    //Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
    NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [attributes setObject:tagData
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes);
    
    //Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
    [attributes setObject:keyData
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClassPublic
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClass];
    [attributes setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    
    OSStatus status = noErr;
    CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
    status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes, &persistKey);
    if (persistKey != nil) CFRelease(persistKey);
    if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem))
    {
        return nil;
    }
    [attributes removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [attributes removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    [attributes setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA
                   forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    
    //Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
    SecKeyRef publicKeyRef = nil;
    CFDictionaryRef query = (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes;
    status = SecItemCopyMatching(query, (CFTypeRef *)&publicKeyRef);
    if (status != noErr)
    {
        return nil;
    }
    return publicKeyRef;
}

+ (NSData *)stripPublicKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key
{
    //Skip ASN.1 public key header
    if (d_key == nil) {return nil;}
    
    unsigned long len = [d_key length];
    if (!len) return(nil);
    
    unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
    unsigned int idx = 0;
    if (c_key[idx++] != 0x30) {return nil;}
    if (c_key[idx] > 0x80)
    {
        idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
    }
    else
    {
        idx++;
    }
    
    //PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA
    static unsigned char seqiod[] = {0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a,
        0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d,
        0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00};
    if (memcmp(&c_key[idx], seqiod, 15)) {return nil;}
    idx += 15;
    if (c_key[idx++] != 0x03) {return nil;}
    if (c_key[idx] > 0x80)
    {
        idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
    }
    else
    {
        idx ++;
    }
    if (c_key[idx++] != '\0') {return nil;}
    
    //Now make a new NSData from this buffer
    return ([NSData dataWithBytes:&c_key[idx] length:len - idx]);
}

+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)keyRef
{
    const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
    size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
    
    size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
    void *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
    size_t src_block_size = block_size - 11;
    
    NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    for (int idx = 0; idx < srclen; idx += src_block_size)
    {
        size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
        if(data_len > src_block_size){
            data_len = src_block_size;
        }
        
        size_t outlen = block_size;
        OSStatus status = noErr;
        status = SecKeyEncrypt(keyRef, kSecPaddingPKCS1,
                               srcbuf + idx, data_len,
                               outbuf, &outlen);
        if (status != 0)
        {
            NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", (int)status);
            ret = nil;
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            [ret appendBytes:outbuf length:outlen];
        }
    }
    free(outbuf);
    CFRelease(keyRef);
    return ret;
}

+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)keyRef
{
    const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
    size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
    
    size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
    UInt8 *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
    size_t src_block_size = block_size;
    
    NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    for (int idx = 0; idx < srclen; idx += src_block_size)
    {
        size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
        if(data_len > src_block_size)
        {
            data_len = src_block_size;
        }
        
        size_t outlen = block_size;
        OSStatus status = noErr;
        status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef, kSecPaddingNone,
                               srcbuf + idx, data_len,
                               outbuf, &outlen);
        if (status != 0)
        {
            NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", (int)status);
            ret = nil;
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            int idxFirstZero = -1;
            int idxNextZero = (int)outlen;
            for (int i = 0; i < outlen; i ++)
            {
                if (outbuf[i] == 0)
                {
                    if (idxFirstZero < 0)
                    {
                        idxFirstZero = i;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        idxNextZero = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            NSUInteger length = idxNextZero-idxFirstZero-1;
            [ret appendBytes:&outbuf[idxFirstZero+1] length:length];
        }
    }
    free(outbuf);
    CFRelease(keyRef);
    return ret;
}


#pragma mark - RSA Key File Encrypt/Decrypt Public Method
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)originString publicKeyPath:(NSString *)publicKeyPath
{
    //判断originString参数是否正确
    if ((originString == nil) || (originString == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![originString isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([originString length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断publicKeyPath参数是否正确
    if ((publicKeyPath == nil) || (publicKeyPath == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![publicKeyPath isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([publicKeyPath length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //获取公钥对象和需要加密的字符串内容编码数据流
    SecKeyRef publicKeyRef = [self getPublicKeyRefWithFilePath:publicKeyPath];
    NSData *originData = [originString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    if ([[self class] isEmptyKeyRef:(__bridge id)(publicKeyRef)]) {
        return nil;
    }
    if ((originData == nil) || (originData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![originData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([originData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //加密源字符串内容编码数据流的数据
    NSData *resultData = nil;
    resultData = [self encryptData:originData withKeyRef:publicKeyRef];
    return [[self class] base64EncodedStringWithData:resultData];
}

+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)encryptString privateKeyPath:(NSString *)privateKeyPath privateKeyPwd:(NSString *)privateKeyPwd
{
    //判断encryptString参数是否正确
    if ((encryptString == nil) || (encryptString == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![encryptString isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([encryptString length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断publicKeyPath参数是否正确
    if ((privateKeyPath == nil) || (privateKeyPath == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![privateKeyPath isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([privateKeyPath length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断密码是否存在
    NSString *keyPassword = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",privateKeyPwd];
    if ((privateKeyPwd == nil) || (privateKeyPwd == NULL)) {
        keyPassword = @"";
    } else if (![privateKeyPwd isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        keyPassword = @"";
    } else if ([privateKeyPwd length] <= 0) {
        keyPassword = @"";
    }
    
    //获取私钥对象和需要加密的字符串内容编码数据流
    NSData *encryptData = nil, *decryptData = nil;
    SecKeyRef privateKeyRef = [self getPrivateKeyRefWithFilePath:privateKeyPath
                                                     keyPassword:privateKeyPwd];
    encryptData = [[self class] base64DecodeDataWithString:encryptString];
    if ([[self class] isEmptyKeyRef:(__bridge id)(privateKeyRef)]) {
        return nil;
    }
    if ((encryptData == nil) || (encryptData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![encryptData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([encryptData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    NSStringEncoding encoding = NSUTF8StringEncoding;
    decryptData = [self decryptData:encryptData withKeyRef:privateKeyRef];
    return [[NSString alloc] initWithData:decryptData encoding:encoding];
}


#pragma mark - RSA Key String Encrypt/Decrypt Public Method
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)originData publicKey:(NSString *)publicKey
{
    //判断originData参数是否正确
    if ((originData == nil) || (originData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![originData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([originData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断publicKeyPath参数是否正确
    if ((publicKey == nil) || (publicKey == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![publicKey isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([publicKey length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //获取需要加密的字符串内容编码数据流
    SecKeyRef publicKeyRef = [self publicKeyRefWithPublicKey:publicKey];
    if([[self class] isEmptyKeyRef:(__bridge id)(publicKeyRef)]){
        return nil;
    }
    return [self encryptData:originData withKeyRef:publicKeyRef];
}

+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)originString publicKey:(NSString *)publicKey
{
    //判断publicKey参数是否正确
    if ((publicKey == nil) || (publicKey == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![publicKey isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([publicKey length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断originString参数是否正确
    if ((originString == nil) || (originString == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![originString isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([originString length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //获取需要加密的字符串内容编码数据流
    NSData *originData = nil, *encryptData = nil;
    SecKeyRef publicKeyRef = [self publicKeyRefWithPublicKey:publicKey];
    originData = [originString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    if([[self class] isEmptyKeyRef:(__bridge id)(publicKeyRef)]){
        return nil;
    }
    if ((originData == nil) || (originData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![originData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([originData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    encryptData = [self encryptData:originData withKeyRef:publicKeyRef];
    return [[self class] base64EncodedStringWithData:encryptData];
}

+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)encryptString privateKey:(NSString *)privateKey
{
    //判断publicKey参数是否正确
    if ((privateKey == nil) || (privateKey == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![privateKey isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([privateKey length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //判断originString参数是否正确
    if ((encryptString == nil) || (encryptString == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![encryptString isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([encryptString length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    //获取私钥对象和需要加密的字符串内容编码数据流
    SecKeyRef privateKeyRef;
    NSData *encryptData = nil, *decryptData = nil;
    privateKeyRef = [[self class] privateKeyRefWithPrivateKey:privateKey];
    encryptData = [[self class] base64DecodeDataWithString:encryptString];
    if ([[self class] isEmptyKeyRef:(__bridge id)(privateKeyRef)]) {
        return nil;
    }
    if ((encryptData == nil) || (encryptData == NULL)) {
        return nil;
    } else if (![encryptData isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        return nil;
    } else if ([encryptData length] <= 0) {
        return nil;
    }
    NSStringEncoding encoding = NSUTF8StringEncoding;
    decryptData = [self decryptData:encryptData withKeyRef:privateKeyRef];
    return [[NSString alloc] initWithData:decryptData encoding:encoding];
}
/******************************************************************************/

在iOS中RSA加解密使用方法介绍(RSA密钥格式请使用PKCS#8格式)

//使用RSA执行加密操作
NSString *string4 = @"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
NSString *encodeString4 = [RSAEncrypt encryptString:string4
                                          publicKey:mPublicKey];
NSLog(@"encodeString4 : %@", encodeString4);

//使用RSA执行解密操作
NSString *decodeString4 = [RSAEncrypt decryptString:encodeString4
                                         privateKey:mPrivateKey];
NSLog(@"decodeString4 : %@", decodeString4);
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