现象级英语每日一词201809121
参考词典：Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary ，Collins Advanced Learner’s Dictionary。
今日学习单词：favor。
Can you do me a favor? 相信这句话我们都学过吧。但是更多的义项和用法我们一般也不去查。学习就是这样，永远不要满足于当下，永远会有自己不知道的。为什么日常交流的2000个高频词单拿出来我们都认识，一旦放到文章中，对话中就不懂了。只有学会小词「大」用，语言学习才算入了门道。
今天结合现象级英语的每日一词推送，甄选几个重要义项和用法分享给大家。
作为名词：
第一个意思就是我们大家都知道的a kind or helpful act that you do for someone，不做赘述。
第二个意思是approval, support or popularity
He’s trying to earn the boss’s favor by working late.
他想用加班来赢得上司的认可。
Her ideas have found/gained favor with many young people. [=many young people like/support her ideas]
她的想法得到了很多年轻人的支持。
Her theories have lost favor. = Her theories have fallen from favor. = Her theories are no longer in favor. = Her theories are now out of favor.[=they are no longer popular]
她的理论已经过时了。
第三个意思是preference for one person, group, etc., over another
这里的意思是“偏好”。偏好就意味着有选择。
The judge showed favor for/toward the defendant.
法官更偏向于被告。
The students naturally showed favor toward their own school's team.
学生一般倾向于支持所在学校的队伍。
最后一个意思是美式用法，party favor，一般指派对上发放的小礼物。
重要的短语搭配：
1. in favor of，总体含义还是基于 favor 的名词义项。
1)wanting or approving of (something)
All in favor of (having) a party [=everyone who wants to have a party], raise your hands.
想开趴体的人请举手。
2) in a way that tries to persuade people to support (something)
He argued in favor of the tax cuts. [=he argued for the tax cuts]
他赞成减税。
3) choosing (something) instead of something else : preferring (something)
The original proposal was rejected in favor of a new design.
开始的提议被否决之后换了一个新的设计。
4) in support of (someone) : in a way that helps or benefits (someone)
The judge ruled in favor of the defendant.
法官的裁定有利于被告。
上述这个四个例子，基本上是对前面名词义项的拆解示例。
2. in someone's favor
用法基本和 in favor of 相同。只是宾语位置改变了，相当于换了一种说法。
3. odds are in favor
If the odds are in your favor, you are likely to win or succeed.
If the odds are in favor of something, that thing is likely to happen.
这个义项比较有意思，可以理解为“胜算很大”或者“有可能发生”。掌握了这些用法有助于增加语言的丰富程度。比如，想表达周末有暴风雨的可能性很大，就可以说：
The odds are in favor of a major storm this weekend.
作为动词：
Favor 的动词义项基本就是将名词的义项动词化。
1 a: to prefer (someone) especially in an unfair way: to show that you like or approve of (someone) more than others
The teacher clearly favors you.
老师明显对你很偏心。
1 b: to approve of or support (something)
Her father favored the idea of her going to law school.
他父亲赞成他去读法学院
1 c: to regard (someone or something) as most likely to succeed or win
They won the championship last year, and most forecasters favor them to win again this year.
去年他们赢得了冠军，大部分人预测今年他们能卫冕。
2 formal: to give something to (someone) : to present (someone) with something
She will now favor us with a song. [=she will now sing or play a song for us]
现在由她给我们带来一首歌。
这个意思就相当于名词义项中 party favor 中 favor 的意向了：礼物，馈赠。
3: to treat (an injured leg, foot, etc.) gently or carefully
It was obvious that she was favoring her left leg. [=she was walking carefully in a way that showed that her left leg was injured]
很显然她左腿不利索。
啊，这些翻译都是我自己加的，按照我的理解，尽可能传神的表达原句含义。对于这个例子，如果汉译英，我肯定会掉入固定思维的怪圈：Her left leg doesn’t function well。但是如果用例句的表达，就很地道了。没说她走路如何如何，只是说她谨慎的对待她的左腿，具体含义还得结合上下文去理解。
4 formal: to make (something) possible or easy: to help (something) to succeed
Darkness favored the attack.
夜色有利于发动袭击。
今日造句作业
1. 很多中国大学生毕业后都会选择留在北上广这样的大城市。
Many graduates in China are in favor of metropolitans like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.
2. 最近看《第一本经济学》，里面提到的一些概念和理论，令我茅塞顿开，解决了以前由于被误导而产生的疑惑。我非常喜欢这本经济学读物，基本告别了其他的经济学教材。就可以说：
Ordinary economic books are given up in favor of Murphy‘s Lesson For The Young Economist.
