iOS 开发中一些技巧归纳
通过自己开发以及借鉴的别人的经验,总结一下一些开发中经常用到的技巧知识点,也算是做个小笔记吧。
1、控件的局部圆角问题
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 50);
CGSize radio = CGSizeMake(5, 5);//圆角尺寸
UIRectCorner corner = UIRectCornerTopLeft|UIRectCornerTopRight;//这只圆角位置
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:rect byRoundingCorners:corner cornerRadii:radio];
CAShapeLayer *masklayer = [[CAShapeLayer alloc]init];//创建shapelayer
masklayer.frame = button.bounds;
masklayer.path = path.CGPath;//设置路径
button.layer.mask = masklayer;
举例为button,其它继承自UIView的控件都可以
//指定了需要成为圆角的角。该参数是UIRectCorner类型的,可选的值有:
* UIRectCornerTopLeft
* UIRectCornerTopRight
* UIRectCornerBottomLeft
* UIRectCornerBottomRight
* UIRectCornerAllCorners
从名字很容易看出来代表的意思,使用“|”来组合就好了。
设置滑动的时候隐藏navigationBar2、navigationBar的透明问题
如果仅仅把navigationBar的alpha设为0的话,那就相当于把navigationBar给隐藏了,大家都知道,父视图的alpha设置为0的话,那么子视图全都会透明的。那么相应的navigationBar的标题和左右两个按钮都会消失。这样显然达不到我们要求的效果。
(1)如果仅仅是想要navigationBar透明,按钮和标题都在可以使用以下方法:
[self.navigationController.navigationBar setBackgroundImage:[UIImage new]
forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];//给navigationBar设置一个空的背景图片即可实现透明,而且标题按钮都在
细心的你会发现上面有一条线如下图:
self.navigationController.navigationBar.shadowImage = [UIImage new];//其实这个线也是image控制的。设为空即可
2)如果你想在透明的基础上实现根据下拉距离,由透明变得不透明的效果,那么上面那个就显得力不从心了,这就需要我们采用另外一种方法了
//navigationBar是一个复合视图,它是有许多个控件组成的,那么我们就可以从他的内部入手[[self.navigationController.navigationBar subviews] objectAtIndex:0].alpha = 0;//这里可以根据scrollView的偏移量来设置alpha就实现了渐变透明的效果
3、全局设置navigationBar标题的样式和barItem的标题样式
//UIColorWithHexRGB( )这个方法是自己定义的,这里只需要给个颜色就好了
[[UINavigationBar appearance] setBarTintColor:UIColorWithHexRGB(0xfefefe)];[[UINavigationBar appearance] setTitleTextAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:18],NSForegroundColorAttributeName:UIColorWithHexRGB(0xfe6d27)}];
[[UITabBarItem appearance] setTitleTextAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName : [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:10],NSForegroundColorAttributeName : UIColorWithHexRGB(0x666666)} forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[[UITabBarItem appearance] setTitleTextAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName : [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSiz]]
4、navigationBar隐藏显示的过度
一个页面隐藏navigationBar,另一个不隐藏。两个页面进行push和pop的时候,尤其是有侧滑手势返回的时候,不做处理就会造成滑动返回时,navigationBar位置是空的,直接显示一个黑色或者显示下面一层视图,很难看。这就需要我们加入过度动画来隐藏或显示navigationBar:
在返回后将要出现的页面实现viewWillAppear方法,需要隐藏就设为YES,需要显示就设为NO
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{
[super viewWillAppear:animated];
[self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:NO animated:YES];
}
5、给webView添加头视图
webView是一个复合视图,里面包含有一个scrollView,scrollView里面是一个UIWebBrowserView(负责显示WebView的内容)
UIView *webBrowserView = self.webView.scrollView.subviews[0];//拿到webView的webBrowserView
self.backHeadImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, kScreenWidth, kScreenWidth*2/3.0)];
[_backHeadImageView sd_setImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:self.imageUrl] placeholderImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"placeholderImage"]];
[self.webView insertSubview:_backHeadImageView belowSubview:self.webView.scrollView];
//把backHeadImageView插入到webView的scrollView下面
CGRect frame = self.webBrowserView.frame;
frame.origin.y = CGRectGetMaxY(_backHeadImageView.frame);
self.webBrowserView.frame = frame;
//更改webBrowserView的frame向下移backHeadImageView的高度,使其可见
6、模态跳转的动画设置
设置模态跳转的动画,系统提供了四种可供选择
DetailViewController *detailVC = [[DetailViewController alloc]init];
//UIModalTransitionStyleFlipHorizontal 翻转
//UIModalTransitionStyleCoverVertical 底部滑出
//UIModalTransitionStyleCrossDissolve 渐显
//UIModalTransitionStylePartialCurl 翻页
detailVC.modalTransitionStyle = UIModalTransitionStylePartialCurl;
[self presentViewController:detailVC animated:YES completion:nil];
7、图片处理只拿到图片的一部分
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:filename];
CGImageRef imageRef = image.CGImage;
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(origin.x, origin.y ,size.width, size.height);
//这里的宽高是相对于图片的真实大小
//比如你的图片是400x400的那么(0,0,400,400)就是图片的全尺寸,想取哪一部分就设置相应坐标即可
CGImageRef imageRefRect = CGImageCreateWithImageInRect(imageRef, rect);
UIImage *imageRect = [[UIImage alloc] initWithCGImage:imageRefRect];
8、调用代码使APP进入后台,达到点击Home键的效果
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] performSelector:@selector(suspend)];
suspend的英文意思有:暂停; 悬; 挂; 延缓;
9、获取UIWebView的高度
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView {
CGFloat height = [[webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.body.offsetHeight"] floatValue];
CGRect frame = webView.frame;
webView.frame = CGRectMake(frame.origin.x, frame.origin.y, frame.size.width, height);
}
10、去掉UITableView多余的分割线
tableView.tableFooterView = [UIView new];
11、调整cell分割线的位置,两个方法一起用
-(void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
if ([self.mytableview respondsToSelector:@selector(setSeparatorInset:)]) {
[self.mytableview setSeparatorInset:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];
}
if ([self.mytableview respondsToSelector:@selector(setLayoutMargins:)]) {
[self.mytableview setLayoutMargins:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];
}
}
#pragma mark - cell分割线
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView willDisplayCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
if ([cell respondsToSelector:@selector(setSeparatorInset:)]){
[cell setSeparatorInset:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];
}
if ([cell respondsToSelector:@selector(setLayoutMargins:)]) {
[cell setLayoutMargins:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];
}
}
12、UISearchController和UISearchBar的Cancle按钮改title问题,简单粗暴
- (BOOL)searchBarShouldBeginEditing:(UISearchBar *)searchBar{
searchController.searchBar.showsCancelButton = YES;
UIButton *canceLBtn = [searchController.searchBar valueForKey:@"cancelButton"];
[canceLBtn setTitle:@"取消" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[canceLBtn setTitleColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:14.0/255.0 green:180.0/255.0 blue:0.0/255.0 alpha:1.00] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
searchBar.showsCancelButton = YES;
return YES;
}
13、UITableView收起键盘何必这么麻烦
一个属性搞定,效果好(UIScrollView同样可以使用)
以前是不是觉得[self.view endEditing:YES];很屌,这个下面的更屌。
yourTableView.keyboardDismissMode = UIScrollViewKeyboardDismissModeOnDrag;
另外一个枚举为UIScrollViewKeyboardDismissModeInteractive,表示在键盘内部滑动,键盘逐渐下去。
14、NSTimer
1、NSTimer计算的时间并不精确
2、NSTimer需要添加到runLoop运行才会执行,但是这个runLoop的线程必须是已经开启。
3、NSTimer会对它的tagert进行retain,我们必须对其重复性的使用intvailte停止。target如果是self(指UIViewController),那么VC的retainCount+1,如果你不释放NSTimer,那么你的VC就不会dealloc了,内存泄漏了。
15、用十六进制获取UIColor(类方法或者Category都可以,这里我用工具类方法)
+ (UIColor *)colorWithHexString:(NSString *)color
{
NSString *cString = [[color stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]] uppercaseString];
// String should be 6 or 8 characters
if ([cString length] < 6) {
return [UIColor clearColor];
}
// strip 0X if it appears
if ([cString hasPrefix:@"0X"])
cString = [cString substringFromIndex:2];
if ([cString hasPrefix:@"#"])
cString = [cString substringFromIndex:1];
if ([cString length] != 6)
return [UIColor clearColor];
// Separate into r, g, b substrings
NSRange range;
range.location = 0;
range.length = 2;
//r
NSString *rString = [cString substringWithRange:range];
//g
range.location = 2;
NSString *gString = [cString substringWithRange:range];
//b
range.location = 4;
NSString *bString = [cString substringWithRange:range];
// Scan values
unsigned int r, g, b;
[[NSScanner scannerWithString:rString] scanHexInt:&r];
[[NSScanner scannerWithString:gString] scanHexInt:&g];
[[NSScanner scannerWithString:bString] scanHexInt:&b];
return [UIColor colorWithRed:((float) r / 255.0f) green:((float) g / 255.0f) blue:((float) b / 255.0f) alpha:1.0f];
}
16、获取今天是星期几
+ (NSString *) getweekDayStringWithDate:(NSDate *) date
{
NSCalendar * calendar = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar]; // 指定日历的算法
NSDateComponents *comps = [calendar components:NSWeekdayCalendarUnit fromDate:date];
// 1 是周日,2是周一 3.以此类推
NSNumber * weekNumber = @([comps weekday]);
NSInteger weekInt = [weekNumber integerValue];
NSString *weekDayString = @"(周一)";
switch (weekInt) {
case 1:
{
weekDayString = @"(周日)";
}
break;
case 2:
{
weekDayString = @"(周一)";
}
break;
case 3:
{
weekDayString = @"(周二)";
}
break;
case 4:
{
weekDayString = @"(周三)";
}
break;
case 5:
{
weekDayString = @"(周四)";
}
break;
case 6:
{
weekDayString = @"(周五)";
}
break;
case 7:
{
weekDayString = @"(周六)";
}
break;
default:
break;
}
return weekDayString;
}
17、设置滑动的时候隐藏navigationBar
navigationController.hidesBarsOnSwipe = Yes;
18、iOS画虚线
记得先 QuartzCore框架的导入#importCGContextRef context =UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextBeginPath(context);
CGContextSetLineWidth(context, 2.0);
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor);
CGFloat lengths[] = {10,10};
CGContextSetLineDash(context, 0, lengths,2);
CGContextMoveToPoint(context, 10.0, 20.0);
CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, 310.0,20.0);
CGContextStrokePath(context);
CGContextClosePath(context);
19、自动布局中多行UILabel,需要设置其preferredMaxLayoutWidth属性才能正常显示多行内容。另外如果出现显示不全文本,可以在计算的结果基础上+0.5。
CGFloat h = [model.message boundingRectWithSize:CGSizeMake([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width - kGAP-kAvatar_Size - 2*kGAP, CGFLOAT_MAX) options:NSStringDrawingUsesLineFragmentOrigin attributes:attributes context:nil].size.height+0.5;
20、禁止程序运行时自动锁屏
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] setIdleTimerDisabled:YES];
21、KVC相关,支持操作符
KVC同时还提供了很复杂的函数,主要有下面这些
①简单集合运算符
简单集合运算符共有@avg, @count , @max , @min ,@sum5种,都表示啥不用我说了吧, 目前还不支持自定义
@interface Book : NSObject
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString* name;
@property (nonatomic,assign) CGFloat price;
@end
@implementation Book
@end
Book *book1 = [Book new];
book1.name = @"The Great Gastby";
book1.price = 22;
Book *book2 = [Book new];
book2.name = @"Time History";
book2.price = 12;
Book *book3 = [Book new];
book3.name = @"Wrong Hole";
book3.price = 111;
Book *book4 = [Book new];
book4.name = @"Wrong Hole";
book4.price = 111;
NSArray* arrBooks = @[book1,book2,book3,book4];
NSNumber* sum = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.price"];
NSLog(@"sum:%f",sum.floatValue);
NSNumber* avg = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.price"];
NSLog(@"avg:%f",avg.floatValue);
NSNumber* count = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@count"];
NSLog(@"count:%f",count.floatValue);
NSNumber* min = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@min.price"];
NSLog(@"min:%f",min.floatValue);
NSNumber* max = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@max.price"];
NSLog(@"max:%f",max.floatValue);
打印结果
2016-04-20 16:45:54.696 KVCDemo[1484:127089] sum:256.000000
2016-04-20 16:45:54.697 KVCDemo[1484:127089] avg:64.000000
2016-04-20 16:45:54.697 KVCDemo[1484:127089] count:4.000000
2016-04-20 16:45:54.697 KVCDemo[1484:127089] min:12.000000
NSArray 快速求总和 最大值 最小值 和 平均值
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2.0", @"2.3", @"3.0", @"4.0", @"10", nil];
CGFloat sum = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat avg = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat max =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@max.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat min =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@min.floatValue"] floatValue];
NSLog(@"%f\n%f\n%f\n%f",sum,avg,max,min);
22、强制让App直接退出(非闪退,非崩溃)
- (void)exitApplication {
AppDelegate *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
UIWindow *window = app.window;
[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0f animations:^{
window.alpha = 0;
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
exit(0);
}];
}
23、Label行间距
NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString =
[[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:self.contentLabel.text];
NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraphStyle = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init];
[paragraphStyle setLineSpacing:3];
//调整行间距
[attributedString addAttribute:NSParagraphStyleAttributeName
value:paragraphStyle
range:NSMakeRange(0, [self.contentLabel.text length])];
self.contentLabel.attributedText = attributedString;
24、MRC和ARC混编设置方式
在XCode中targets的build phases选项下Compile Sources下选择 不需要arc编译的文件
双击输入 -fno-objc-arc 即可
MRC工程中也可以使用ARC的类,方法如下:
在XCode中targets的build phases选项下Compile Sources下选择要使用arc编译的文件
双击输入 -fobjc-arc 即可
25、把tableview里cell的小对勾的颜色改成别的颜色
tableView.tintColor = [UIColor redColor];
26、解决同时按两个按钮进两个view的问题
[button setExclusiveTouch:YES];
27、修改textFieldplaceholder字体颜色和大小
textField.placeholder = @"请输入用户名";
[textField setValue:[UIColor redColor] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.textColor"];
[textField setValue:[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:16] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.font"];
28、禁止textField和textView的复制粘贴菜单
-(BOOL)canPerformAction:(SEL)action withSender:(id)sender
{
if ([UIMenuController sharedMenuController]) {
[UIMenuController sharedMenuController].menuVisible = NO;
}
return NO;
}
29、二级三级页面隐藏系统tabbar
1、单个处理
YourViewController *yourVC = [YourViewController new];
yourVC.hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = YES;
[self.navigationController pushViewController:yourVC animated:YES];
2.统一在基类里面处理
新建一个类BaseNavigationController继承UINavigationController,然后重写 -(void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated这个方法。所有的push事件都走此方法。
@interface BaseNavigationController : UINavigationController
@end
-(void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated{
[super pushViewController:viewController animated:animated];
if (self.viewControllers.count>1) {
viewController.hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = YES;
}
}
30、取消系统的返回手势
self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.enabled = NO;
31、修改UIWebView中字体的大小,颜色
1、UIWebView设置字体大小,颜色,字体:
UIWebView无法通过自身的属性设置字体的一些属性,只能通过html代码进行设置
在webView加载完毕后,在
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView方法中加入js代码
NSString *str = @"document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.webkitTextSizeAdjust= '60%'";
[_webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:str];
或者加入以下代码
NSString *jsString = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"document.body.style.fontSize=%f;document.body.style.color=%@",fontSize,fontColor];
[webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:jsString];
欢迎补充。。。