Mac 制作 树莓派4B+系统 安装ubuntu系统

安装版本

• 镜像下载地址 https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi
• ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi
• 下载后的文件名ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz
• 解压ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz 变为ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img

安装ubuntu系统

*官方烧录教程 https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-an-ubuntu-image-for-a-raspberry-pi-on-macos#2-on-your-macos-machine

查看地址

diskutil list

格式化u盘

diskutil partitionDisk <地址> MBR FAT32 UNTITLED 0b

• 例子 diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk2 MBR FAT32 UNTITLED 0b

卸载

diskutil unmountDisk <地址>

• 例子 diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2

烧录

sudo dd bs=4m if=<镜像地址> of=<地址>

# 等待几分钟

• 例子 sudo dd bs=4m if=/Downloads/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img of=/dev/disk2

启动ssh

• 烧录好的u盘 创建名为ssh无后缀的文件 放入u盘中

连接ssh

ssh ubuntu@ip

• 密码ubuntu

设置root密码

sudo passwd root

切换root

su root

修改源

• https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu-ports/

• 树莓派 本镜像仅包含 arm64 armhf ppc64el riscv64 s390x 架构的软件包

• 修改源 nano /etc/apt/sources.list

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

更新

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgraded

Java环境

root@ubuntu:/# java

Command 'java' not found, but can be installed with:

apt install openjdk-11-jre-headless  # version 11.0.8+10-0ubuntu1~20.04, or
apt install default-jre              # version 2:1.11-72
apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless   # version 8u265-b01-0ubuntu2~20.04
apt install openjdk-13-jre-headless  # version 13.0.3+3-1ubuntu2
apt install openjdk-14-jre-headless  # version 14.0.1+7-1ubuntu1

• 安装 选择 apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless

• 错误提示

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libfreetype6 : Depends: libpng12-0 (>= 1.2.13-4) but it is not installable
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

• 解决方式 apt --fix-broken install

安装防火墙

sudo apt-get install ufw

• 启动 sudo ufw enable 系统启动时自动开启 sudo ufw default deny
• 状态 sudo ufw status
• 开端口 sudo ufw allow 22