WKwebView

iOS13 WKWebView使用与UIWebView的差异和坑

2020-04-02  本文已影响0人  tdb云端

1.WKWebView内存不释放的问题。

// WKWebView 内存不释放的问题解决
@interface WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate : NSObject<WKScriptMessageHandler>

//WKScriptMessageHandler 这个协议类专门用来处理JavaScript调用原生OC的方法
@property (nonatomic, weak) id<WKScriptMessageHandler> scriptDelegate;

- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(id<WKScriptMessageHandler>)scriptDelegate;

@end
@implementation WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate

- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(id<WKScriptMessageHandler>)scriptDelegate {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        _scriptDelegate = scriptDelegate;
    }
    return self;
}

#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler
//遵循WKScriptMessageHandler协议,必须实现如下方法,然后把方法向外传递
//通过接收JS传出消息的name进行捕捉的回调方法
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message {
    
    if ([self.scriptDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(userContentController:didReceiveScriptMessage:)]) {
        [self.scriptDelegate userContentController:userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:message];
    }
}

@end

2.创建网页配置对象。

        //创建网页配置对象
        WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc] init];
        
        // 创建设置对象
        WKPreferences *preference = [[WKPreferences alloc]init];
        //最小字体大小 当将javaScriptEnabled属性设置为NO时,可以看到明显的效果
        preference.minimumFontSize = 0;
        //设置是否支持javaScript 默认是支持的
        preference.javaScriptEnabled = YES;
        // 在iOS上默认为NO,表示是否允许不经过用户交互由javaScript自动打开窗口
        preference.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = YES;
        config.preferences = preference;
        
        // 是使用h5的视频播放器在线播放, 还是使用原生播放器全屏播放
        config.allowsInlineMediaPlayback = YES;
        //设置视频是否需要用户手动播放  设置为NO则会允许自动播放
        config.requiresUserActionForMediaPlayback = YES;
        //设置是否允许画中画技术 在特定设备上有效
        config.allowsPictureInPictureMediaPlayback = YES;
        //设置请求的User-Agent信息中应用程序名称 iOS9后可用
        config.applicationNameForUserAgent = @"ChinaDailyForiPad";
        
        //自定义的WKScriptMessageHandler 是为了解决内存不释放的问题
        WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate *weakScriptMessageDelegate = [[WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
        //这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理
        WKUserContentController * wkUController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
        config.userContentController = wkUController;
注册一个name为jsToOcNoPrams的js方法 设置处理接收JS方法的对象。
[wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:weakScriptMessageDelegate  name:@"jsToOcNoPrams"];

通过接收JS传出消息的name进行捕捉的回调方法。
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
    NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
    //用message.body获得JS传出的参数体
    NSDictionary * parameter = message.body;
    //JS调用OC
    if([message.name isEqualToString:@"jsToOcNoPrams"]){
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"js调用到了oc" message:@"不带参数" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
        
    }else if([message.name isEqualToString:@"jsToOcWithPrams"]){
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"js调用到了oc" message:parameter[@"params"] preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
    }
}

3.WKNavigationDelegate,主要处理一些跳转、加载处理操作。

// 页面开始加载时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
}

// 页面加载失败时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error {
    [self.progressView setProgress:0.0f animated:NO];
}

// 当内容开始返回时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
    
}

// 页面加载完成之后调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
    [self getCookie];
}

//提交发生错误时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error {
    [self.progressView setProgress:0.0f animated:NO];
}

// 接收到服务器跳转请求即服务重定向时之后调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
    
}

// 根据WebView对于即将跳转的HTTP请求头信息和相关信息来决定是否跳转
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler {
    
    NSString * urlStr = navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString;
    NSLog(@"发送跳转请求:%@",urlStr);
    //自己定义的协议头
    NSString *htmlHeadString = @"github://";
    if([urlStr hasPrefix:htmlHeadString]){
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"通过截取URL调用OC" message:@"你想前往我的Github主页?" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"取消" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            
        }])];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"打开" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:[urlStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"github://callName_?" withString:@""]];
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
            
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
        
        decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);
        
    }else{
        decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
    }
    
    
}

// 根据客户端受到的服务器响应头以及response相关信息来决定是否可以跳转
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{
    NSString * urlStr = navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString;
    NSLog(@"当前跳转地址:%@",urlStr);
    //允许跳转
    decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);
    //不允许跳转
    //decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);
}

//需要响应身份验证时调用 同样在block中需要传入用户身份凭证
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable credential))completionHandler{
    
    //用户身份信息
    NSURLCredential * newCred = [[NSURLCredential alloc] initWithUser:@"user123" password:@"123" persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone];
    //为 challenge 的发送方提供 credential
    [challenge.sender useCredential:newCred forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge];
    completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential,newCred);
    
}

//进程被终止时调用
- (void)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView{

}

4.WKUIDelegate 要处理JS脚本,确认框,警告框等

/**
 *  web界面中有弹出警告框时调用
 *
 *  @param webView           实现该代理的webview
 *  @param message           警告框中的内容
 *  @param completionHandler 警告框消失调用
 */
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler {
    UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"HTML的弹出框" message:message?:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
    [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        completionHandler();
    }])];
    [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
// 确认框
//JavaScript调用confirm方法后回调的方法 confirm是js中的确定框,需要在block中把用户选择的情况传递进去
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL))completionHandler{
    UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"" message:message?:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
    [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"Cancel" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        completionHandler(NO);
    }])];
    [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        completionHandler(YES);
    }])];
    [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
// 输入框
//JavaScript调用prompt方法后回调的方法 prompt是js中的输入框 需要在block中把用户输入的信息传入
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * _Nullable))completionHandler{
    UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:prompt message:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
    [alertController addTextFieldWithConfigurationHandler:^(UITextField * _Nonnull textField) {
        textField.text = defaultText;
    }];
    [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        completionHandler(alertController.textFields[0].text?:@"");
    }])];
    [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
// 页面是弹出窗口 _blank 处理
- (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures {
    if (!navigationAction.targetFrame.isMainFrame) {
        [webView loadRequest:navigationAction.request];
    }
    return nil;
}

5.添加监测网页加载进度的观察者

    - (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self.view addSubview:self.webView];
    [self.view addSubview:self.progressView];
    //添加监测网页加载进度的观察者
    [self.webView addObserver:self
                   forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))
                      options:0
                      context:nil];
    [self.webView addObserver:self
                   forKeyPath:@"title"
                      options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
                      context:nil];
}

//kvo 监听进度 必须实现此方法
-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                     ofObject:(id)object
                       change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change
                      context:(void *)context{
    
    if ([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))]
        && object == _webView) {
        
        NSLog(@"网页加载进度 = %f",_webView.estimatedProgress);
        self.progressView.progress = _webView.estimatedProgress;
        if (_webView.estimatedProgress >= 1.0f) {
            dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(0.3 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                self.progressView.progress = 0;
            });
        }
        
    }else if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"title"]
             && object == _webView){
        self.navigationItem.title = _webView.title;
    }else{
        [super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath
                             ofObject:object
                               change:change
                              context:context];
    }
}

#pragma mark - Getter
- (UIProgressView *)progressView {
    if (!_progressView){
        _progressView = [[UIProgressView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, StatusBarAndNavigationBarHeight + 2, self.view.frame.size.width, 2)];
        _progressView.tintColor = [UIColor blueColor];
        _progressView.trackTintColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    }
    return _progressView;
}

6 OC调用JS方法

#pragma mark 登录成功回调JS(H5传值) (fromNativeLoginSuccess 与JS统一声明的方法名)
- (void)loginSuccess {
    [self OcToJs:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"fromNativeLoginSuccess('%@')",[self convertToJsonData]]];
}

7.JS调用OC方法。前提JS代码必须这样写(window.webkit.messageHandlers.<name>.postMessage(<messageBody>) )与UIWebView写法(window.<name>(<messageBody>) )不同。

前提履行代理方法WKScriptMessageHandler,和方法名定义的一致才能收到JS的回调。
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
    NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
    //用message.body获得JS传出的参数体
    NSDictionary * parameter = message.body;
    //JS调用OC
    if([message.name isEqualToString:@"jsToOcNoPrams"]){
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"js调用到了oc" message:@"不带参数" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
        
    }else if([message.name isEqualToString:@"jsToOcWithPrams"]){
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"js调用到了oc" message:parameter[@"params"] preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
    }
}

8.移除JS方法

- (void)dealloc{
    //移除注册的js方法
    [[_webView configuration].userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"jsToOcNoPrams"];
    [[_webView configuration].userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"jsToOcWithPrams"];
    //移除观察者
    [_webView removeObserver:self
                  forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))];
    [_webView removeObserver:self
                  forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(title))];
   // 移除所有注册js方法
   [[_webView configuration].userContentController removeAllUserScripts];
}

9.WKWebView 注册脚本方法,兼容之前项目中使用UIWebView

1.UIWebView js编码是window.prompt()
2.WKWebVIew js编码window.webkit.messageHandlers.(name).postMessage()
iOS13弃用UIWebView。换成WKWebVIew,js编码方法更改。之前用的JavaScriptCore (JSContext)已不能用,为了保证安卓端和H5端不更改项目源码,兼容老版本,采取了脚本转换的方法。
1.注入本地js脚本, 使js和native交互方法统一。

    NSString *jsSource = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"ios_brige" ofType:@"js"] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    WKUserScript *script = [[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:jsSource injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart forMainFrameOnly:YES];
    [config.userContentController addUserScript:script];

2.WKScriptMessageHandler,JS回调统一处理。

// WKScriptMessageHandler
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message {
    NSLog(@"name:%@---body:%@",message.name,message.body);
    //用message.body获得JS传出的参数体
    NSString * parameter = message.body;
    NSData *jsonData = [parameter dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSDictionary *dic = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:jsonData options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:nil];
    
    NSString *method = dic[@"method"];
    NSString *param = dic[@"params"];
    if (param) {
        method = [method stringByAppendingString:@":"];
    }
    SEL sel = NSSelectorFromString(method);
    if ([self respondsToSelector:sel]) {
        [self performSelectorOnMainThread:sel withObject:param waitUntilDone:YES];
    }else{
        NSLog(@"webview not find method %@",method);
    }
}

3.本地JS代码如下处理

function calliOSFunction(namespace, functionName, args, callback) {
    if (!window.webkit.messageHandlers[namespace]) return;
    var wrap = {
        "method": functionName,
        "params": args
    };
    window.webkit.messageHandlers[namespace].postMessage(JSON.stringify(wrap));
}

var jsCallNative = {};

//无返回值方法转换
//会将jsCallNative.toLogin()的调用方式,转换成window.webkit.messageHandlers.jsCallNative.postMessage()
jsCallNative.nativeClosePage = function () {
    calliOSFunction("ShowSnappedUpObj","nativeClosePage");
}
//有返回值方法转换
jsCallNative.nativeShowHud = function (infoStr) {
    calliOSFunction("ShowSnappedUpObj","nativeShowHud",infoStr);
}

//有返回值方法转换
//会将jsCallNative.getSign()的调用方式,转换成window.prompt()
jsCallNative.getSign = function () {
    var result = window.prompt("getSign");
    return result;
}

jsCallNative.appendABCwithString = function (str) {
    var result = window.prompt("appendABCwithString",str);
    return result;
}

jsCallNative.isLogin = function () {
    var result = window.prompt("isLogin");
    return result;
}

window["ShowSnappedUpObj"] = jsCallNative;
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