学习词根---Unit 4.1
上周末的答案：
1. m 2. j 3. c 4. l 5. f 6. i 7. e 8. g 9. d 10. k 11. b 12. n 13. h 14. a 15. o
本周学习第四单元~
今天将学习VOR和CARN两个词根。
VOR. 源自拉丁动词vorare，意为"to eat"，and the ending -ivorous shows up in words that refer to eaters of certain kinds of food. Frugivorous (for "fruit-eating")，granivorous(for "grain-eating")，and graminivorous(for "grass-eating") aren't too rare, but you won't run across phytosuccivorous ("plant-sap-eating") every day.
carnivorous. Meat-eating or flesh-eating.
例句：He‘d gotten tired of his vegetarian guinea pigs and decided he preferred carnivorous pets such as ferrets.
The order of mammals(哺乳动物) that Linnaeus named the Carnivora(食肉目) includes such families as the dogs, the bears, the raccoons(浣熊), the weasels(鼬), the wild, but some have varied diets; some bears, for instance, normally eat far more vegetation than meat. Carnivores have powerful jaws and complex teeth, and most are highly intelligent. Humans, like their ape cousins, are basically omnivores(杂食动物).
herbivorous. Plant-eating.
例句：In spite of their frightening appearance, marine iguanas are peaceable herbivorous animals that feed mostly on seaweed.
Many herbivorous animals, such as rabbits, deer, sheep, and cows, are noted for their gentle and passive ways. But such behavior is not universal among herbivores(食草动物). Rhinoceroses(犀牛) and elephants, for instance, are capable of inflicting serious damage if threatened, and among dinosaurs, the herbivorous Diplodocus(梁龙) had a thick tail that could be used as a lethal weapon against attacking carnivores(食肉动物). Herbivorous humans are usually called vegetarians.
insectivorous. Feeding on insects.
例句：Their rather odd 12-year-old son kept insectivorous plants in his bedroom and fed them live flies.
A wide variety of animals could be called insectivores(食虫动物)--most of the birds, for example, as well as the spiders. Of the amphibians(两栖动物), frogs and many lizards are largely insectivorous. Even some fish get much of their food from insects. The order of mammals called Insectivora contains the shrews(鼩鼱), moles(鼹鼠), and hedgehogs(刺猬), though bats and anteaters(食蚁动物) are also insectivores. Many insects are themselves insectivores; the dragonfly(蜻蜓), for instance, is a swift insectivorous terror that lives up to its name. But it's the insectivorous plants that tend to fascinate us; of the over 600 species, the best known are the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草) (which snaps shut on its prey), the pitcher plants(猪笼草) (which drown insects in a tiny pool of water), and the sundews(茅膏菜) (Which capture insects with their sticky surfaces).
voracious. Having a huge appetite.
例句：One of the hardest parts of dieting is watching skinny people with voracious appetites consume large amounts of food without gaining weight.
Voracious can be applied to people, animals. and even things, and doesn't always refer to consuming food. Thus, teenagers are voracious eaters; you may become a voracious reader on vacation; and Americans have long been voracious consumers. The most voracious bats may eat three-quarters of their weight in insects in a single night. Some countries have a voracious appetite for oil. Voracious corporations keep "swallowing" other companies through mergers.
CARN. 源自拉丁语，意为"flesh"或"meat". Carnation originally meant "the color of flesh," which was once the only color of the flower we call the carnation. In Christian countries, Lent is the period when the faithful traditionally give up something they love, often meat. The days leading up to Lent are known as the carnival season, from the Italian carnelevare, later shortened to carnival, which meant "removal of meat"--though during carnival, of course, people indulge(放纵，纵容) in just about everything, and the removal of meat only comes later.
carnage. Great destruction of life (as in a battle); slaughter.
例句：Countries around the world appealed to all sides of the conflict to stop the carnage of the war in Bosnia.
This word was taken over straight from French (a Latin-based language), and he has mostly referred to large-scale killing in wartime. But carnage needn't refer only to slaughter on the battlefield. With tens of thousands of people dying each year in automobile accidents, it's appropriate to speak of carnage on the nation's highways. And those concerned about the effects of the violence we see constantly on TV and movies screens may refer to that as carnage as well.
carnal. Having to do with bodily pleasure.
例句：The news stories about students on Spring Break tend to focus on the carnal pleasures associated with the annual ritual.
In Christianity in past centuries, carnal was often used as the opposite of spiritual, describing what are sometimes called "the pleasures of the flesh." Thus, gluttony(暴饮暴食)--the consumption of excessive food and drink--was a deadly carnal sin, whereas the holiest monks and hermits might eat hardly anything and never touch wine. Today carnal has a somewhat old-fashioned sound; when we use it, we generally mean simply "sexual".
incarnate. 形容词读作 /ɪn'kɑːnɪt/,动词读作 /'ɪnkɑːneɪt/ Given bodily or actual form; especially, having human body.
例句：For the rest of his life, he would regard his childhood many as goodness incarnate.
Incarnate often has a religious ring to it, since for centuries it has been used in the Christian church, which regards Jesus as the incarnation of God--that is, as God made human. Surprisingly, neither word appears in Bible translations; instead, the Latin word incarnatus appears in the Christian creeds (basic statements of belief) and the Catholic Mass. Regardless, incarnate soon began to be used with various nouns: "the devil incarnate,""evil incarnate,"etc. Notice that incarnate is one of the rare adjectives that usually, but not always, follows its noun. Incarnate is also a verb, though with a slightly different pronunciation:"This report simply incarnates the prejudices of its authors,""For her followers, she incarnates the virtue of selflessness,"etc.
reincarnation. (1) Rebirth in new bodies or forms of life. (2) Someone who has been born again with a new body after death.
例句：Even as a child he struck everyone as a reincarnation of his grandfather, not in his features but in his manner and personality.
It's easy to make fun of people who claim to be the reincarnation of Cleopatra or Napoleon, but they don't come from a culture that take reincarnation seriously. In Hindu(印度教的) belief, a person must pass through a series of reincarnations--some of which may be as insects or fish--before fully realizing that the bodily pleasures are shallow and that only spiritual life is truly valuable; only then do the reincarnations cease. For Hindus, an "old soul" is a person who seems unusually wise from early in life, and whose wisdom must have com from passing through many reincarnations.
Quizzes:
Fill in each blank with the correct letter:
a. reincarnation b. insectivorous c. carnage d. carnivorous e. voracious f. herbivorous g. carnal h. incarnate
1. Sheep, cattle, and antelope are __________; unlike dogs and cats, they show no interest in meat.
2. The school tried to shield students from ______ temptations.
3. The smallest mammal is the bumblebee bat, an ______ creature about the size of a dime.
4. Today he speaks of his former stepfather as evil ______, and his mother doesn't argue with him.
5. From the variety of books on his shelves, we could tell he was a _______ reader.
6. Even the ambulance drivers were horrified by the ______ of the accident.
7. As a child she loved to watch them throw meat to the _____ ones, especially the lions and tigers.
8. The current Dalai Lama is said to be the 13th ________ of the first one, who lived in the 15th century.
