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Rest Assured+TestNg实现数据驱动的接口测试

2018-06-14  本文已影响143人  Tomandy

引言

笔者之前一直使用Jmeter做接口测试,也围绕Jmeter做了一些功能集成,比如:生成excle结果文件、数据库断言、自动提交缺陷、自动更新案例执行结果至Testlink等。虽说Jmeter简单易上手,但大批量执行测试案例时,响应时间较长,这对向来追求测试效率的笔者而言,无疑是心头之痛。
很早就听说过Rest Assured,TestNg两大框架,也看过一些相关的文章,但苦于各种原因,一直都是浅尝辄止。这两天心血来潮,尝试使用Rest Assured+TestNg来实现数据驱动的接口测试,谁知不“尝(试)”则已,一“尝”惊人,实在是接口测试人员的福音。

框架介绍

REST Assured是一个可以简化HTTP Builder顶层,基于REST服务的测试过程的Java DSL(针对某一领域,具有受限表达性的一种计算机程序设计语言)。它支持发起POST,GET,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS,PATCH和HEAD请求,并且可以用来验证和校对这些请求的响应信息。

TestNG is a testing framework designed to simplify a broad range of testing needs, from unit testing (testing a class in isolation of the others) to integration testing (testing entire systems made of several classes, several packages and even several external frameworks, such as application servers).

ReportNG is a simple HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG unit-testing framework.

实现功能

实现步骤

1、代码结构及案例模板

代码结构
案例模板(部分字段预留后续使用)

2、新建maven项目并配置pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.test.restassured</groupId>
    <artifactId>restassured</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
        <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>6.11</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.sourceforge.jexcelapi</groupId>
        <artifactId>jxl</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.12</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 依赖reportNg 关联testNg-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.uncommons</groupId>
        <artifactId>reportng</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.4</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
                <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 依赖Guice -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.inject</groupId>
        <artifactId>guice</artifactId>
        <version>4.0</version>
    </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- 添加插件,添加ReportNg的监听器,修改最后的TestNg的报告 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <configuration>
                <properties>
                    <property>
                        <name>usedefaultlisteners</name>
                        <value>false</value>
                    </property>
                    <property>
                        <name>listener</name>
                        <value>org.uncommons.reportng.HTMLReporter,org.uncommons.reportng.JUnitXMLReporter</value>
                    </property>
                </properties>
                <workingDirectory>target/</workingDirectory>
                <forkMode>always</forkMode>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3、配置ReportNg监听

reportNg监听

4、读取案例数据

由于TestNg的@DataProvider注释返回的是二维数组,所以需读取excel案例数据保存到一个二维数组。

public class ReadExcelCases {

    public static Object[][] readCases(String filePath) throws IOException, BiffException {

        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
        Workbook rwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(inputStream);

        Sheet sheet = rwb.getSheet(0);
        int rsRows = sheet.getRows(); // 获取总行数
        int rsColums = sheet.getColumns();//获取总列数

        int countY = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < rsRows; i++) {
            if(sheet.getCell(3, i).getContents().equals("Y"))  //统计需要执行的案例数
                countY++;
        }

        Object[][] cases = new Object[countY][rsColums];

        int x =0;
        for (int i = 1; i < rsRows; i++) {
            if(sheet.getCell(3, i).getContents().equals("Y")){  //执行标识为“Y”才记录数组
                for (int j = 0; j < rsColums; j++) {
                    cases[x][j] = sheet.getCell(j, i).getContents();
                }
                x++;
            }
        }
        return cases;
    }
}

TestNg的@Test传参有多种方法,具体可百度,本例子使用@DataProvider来传参。

public class CasesDataProvider {

    @DataProvider(name = "casesProvider")
    public static Object[][] caseProvider() throws IOException, BiffException {
        String filePath = ".\\src\\test\\testCases\\发送短信.xls"; //测试案例相对路径
        Object[][] cases = ReadExcelCases.readCases(filePath);

        return cases;
    }
}

5、执行案例

public class RunTest {

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() {
        RestAssured.baseURI = "http://XX.XXX.XXX.XXX";  //请求IP
        RestAssured.basePath = "v1/gateway.do";
        RestAssured.port = 8187;
    }

    @Test(dataProvider = "casesProvider", dataProviderClass = CasesDataProvider.class)
    public void runCases(String caseNo, String testPoit, String preResult, String YorN, String tableCheck, String appId, String merchantId, String api, String version,
                         String phone, String bizTransaction, String acctType) {

        String bodyString = "{\n" +
                "\t\"appId\":\"" + appId + "\",\n" +
                "\t\"api\":\"" + api + "\",\n" +
                "\t\"data\":{\n" +
                "\t\t\"merchantId\":\"" + merchantId + "\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"bizTransaction\":\"" + bizTransaction + "\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"phone\":\"" + phone + "\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"acctType\":\"" + acctType + "\"\n" +
                "\t\t},\n" +
                "\t\"version\":\"" + version + "\"\n" +
                "}\n";

        Response response = given()
                .contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")
                .request()
                .body(bodyString)
                .post();

        response.prettyPrint();//格式化响应报文

       //断言
        String json = response.asString();
        JsonPath jp = new JsonPath(json);

        if(response.statusCode() == 200){ //请求成功
            Assert.assertEquals(jp.get("message").toString(),preResult);
        }else{
            Assert.assertEquals(jp.get("data.errMsg").toString(),preResult);
        }
    }
}

6、测试报告

当然,ReportNg测试报告支持自定义,百度还是好多资源的,后续笔者再做探究。


测试报告
测试报告

展望

以上只是Rest Assured+TestNg强大功能的冰山一角,后续笔者再慢慢摸索。另外,既然迈出了这一步,那怎么也得展望一下未来,笔者打算后续搞个接口测试平台玩玩。

参考资料

Rest Assured使用指南
TestNg报告优化

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