蓝牙 | 蓝牙连接过程
调用顺序
1、获得BluetoothAdapter
//获得BluetoothAdapter,对任何Bluetooth Activity都需要先获得。获取方法是调用getDefaultAdapter()方法。
//getDefaultAdapter方法定义于<frameworks/base/core/java/android/bluetooth/bluetoothAdapter.java>
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
public static synchronized BluetoothAdapter getDefaultAdapter() {
if (sAdapter == null) {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(BLUETOOTH_MANAGER_SERVICE);
if (b != null) {
IBluetoothManager managerService = IBluetoothManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
sAdapter = new BluetoothAdapter(managerService);
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Bluetooth binder is null");
}
}
return sAdapter;
}
BluetoothAdapter(IBluetoothManager managerService) {
if (managerService == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("bluetooth manager service is null");
}
try {
mService = managerService.registerAdapter(mManagerCallback);
} catch (RemoteException e) {Log.e(TAG, "", e);}
mManagerService = managerService;
mLeScanClients = new HashMap<LeScanCallback, ScanCallback>();
mToken = new Binder();
}
2、Enable Bluetooth
//isEnable定义于<frameworks/base/core/java/android/bluetooth/bluetoothAdapter.java>
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
@RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH)
public boolean isEnabled() {
try {
synchronized(mManagerCallback) {
if (mService != null) return mService.isEnabled();
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {Log.e(TAG, "", e);}
return false;
}
3、查询配对设备
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
// If there are paired devices
if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
// Loop through paired devices
for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
// Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
}
}
//getBondedDevices定义于<frameworks/base/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothAdapter.java>
public Set<BluetoothDevice> getBondedDevices() {
if (getState() != STATE_ON) {
return toDeviceSet(new BluetoothDevice[0]);
}
try {
synchronized(mManagerCallback) {
if (mService != null) return toDeviceSet(mService.getBondedDevices());
}
return toDeviceSet(new BluetoothDevice[0]);
} catch (RemoteException e) {Log.e(TAG, "", e);}
return null;
}
4、调用startDiscovery()启动设备发现。该过程是异步进行的,立即返回的值表明设备发现是否启动。这一过程差不多需要12秒,然后对每一个查到的设备进行页扫以获得其Bluetooth名称。
为了接收发现每一个设备的信息,应用程序必须为ACTION_FOUND intent注册一个BroadcastReceiver,针对每一个设备,系统将会广播ACTION_FOUND intent内容。该intent包括EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS标志,分别包含了BluetoothDevice和BluetoothClass信息。
//BluetoothDevice这个类定义于<frameworks/base/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothDevice.java>
// Create a BroadcastReceiver for ACTION_FOUND
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
// When discovery finds a device
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
// Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
// Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
}
}
};
// Register the BroadcastReceiver
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // Don't forget to unregister during onDestroy
5、使能发现能力
如果想使设备自身能够被其它设备发现,调用startActivityForResult(Intent, int)方法,并传递ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE intent。这将通过系统设置发出使能发现请求,缺省状态下,设备被发现的时间在120s内。但是可以通过EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION进行修改该时长。最长可为3600s。
Intent discoverableIntent = new
Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivity(discoverableIntent);
这时将弹出一个对话框,请求用户允许设备发现,如果用户使能,则onActivityResult()回调将被调用。设备将在设定的时间内可被发现。如果想在发现模式变化时被通知,需要为ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED Intent注册BroadcastReceiver,这将包括EXTRA_SCAN_MODE和EXTRA_PREVIOUS_SCAN_MODE字段,其分别指示的是新旧扫描模式。可能的值是SCAN_MODE_CNONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE和SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE或者SCAN_MODE_NONE。
6、连接设备
为了将两个设备上的应用程序建立连接,必须实现server端和client端,这时因为一个设备必须打开sever socket,而另一个设备必须初始化连接(使用server设备的MAC地址初始化连接)。只有当server和client在相同的RFCOMM通道有一个已连接的BluetoothSocket。到此,每一个设备能够获得输入和输出流,数据传输可以进行了,数据传输在管理连接里叙述。此节描述如何在两个设备上初始化连接。
server和client 设备用不同的方式获得BluetoothSocket。server端在连接建立被接受时获得,client端在为server端打开RFCOMM通道是获得。
一个实现的技术是自动将每一个设备作为server,如此可以让每一个设备有打开并用于侦听的server socket。然后两个设备之间可以互连。
7、作为server连接
当连接两个设备时,其中一个设备必须通过保持一个打开的BluetoothServerSocket作为server角色。server socket的作用是侦听接收到的连接请求,当其中一方接受时,提供一个建立连接的BluetoothScoket。当BluetoothSocket从BluetoothServerSocket获得时,除非希望接收更多的连接,否则BluetoothServerSocket应该被丢弃。
建立server socket和接收连接的基本步骤如下:
- 1.通过调用listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)获得BluetoothServerSocket。
String是服务的名称,系统会自动将该服务写入到服务发现协议(Service Discovery Protocol,SDP)。UUID也在SDP里并且是client连接通过的基础。
- 调用accept()启动连接侦听
阻塞调用,当建立连接完成或者遇到特殊情况将会返回。只有当远端设备使用和这里的侦听socket一致的UUID发送连接请求时,这个连接才是可被接受的。当连接建立后accept()将会返回连接的BluetoothSocket()。
- 如果不想接收其它连接,调用close()。
这将释放server端socket。但并不关闭由accept()返回的建立连接的BluetoothSocket。和TCP/IP不同的是,RFCOMM每个通道在一个时刻只允许一个连接的client。主activity并不适合使用阻塞的accept,通常在thread中实现。
private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;
public AcceptThread() {
// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,
// because mmServerSocket is final
BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
try {
// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code
tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) { }
mmServerSocket = tmp;
}
public void run() {
BluetoothSocket socket = null;
// Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned
while (true) {
try {
socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
} catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
// If a connection was accepted
if (socket != null) {
// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
manageConnectedSocket(socket);
mmServerSocket.close();
break;
}
}
}
/** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */
public void cancel() {
try {
mmServerSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) { }
}
}
8、连接client
为了和远端的设备相连,首先应获得表示远端设备的BluetoothDevice对象,需要使用BluetoothDevice 接收BluetoothSocket 并且初始化连接。
主要过程如下:
- 1.使用BluetoothDevice,通过调用createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID)获得BluetoothSocket
这初始化了将连接到BluetoothDevice的BluetoothSocket。这里传递的UUID必须和server端设备使用的保持一致,使用一样的UUID是硬编码UUID到应用程序。 - 2.使用connect()初始化连接
该调用会引起系统执行远端设备SDP查找以匹配UUID。如果成功查找并且远端设备接受连接,connect()将会返回,在连接时RFCOMM通道将共享。
9、连接管理
当多个设备成功建立连接时,每一个设备都有一个连接的BluetoothSocket。通过其可以让设备间共享数据。使用BluetoothSocket,传递任意数据的过程是比较简单的。
- 1.使用getInputStream()和getOutputStream()分别获得InputStream和OutputStream的socket传输句柄。
- 2.使用read(byte[])和write(byte[])向stream中写入数据
使用应该使用专用的thread服务与所有的stream reading和writing。
private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final InputStream mmInStream;
private final OutputStream mmOutStream;
public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
mmSocket = socket;
InputStream tmpIn = null;
OutputStream tmpOut = null;
// Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because
// member streams are final
try {
tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException e) { }
mmInStream = tmpIn;
mmOutStream = tmpOut;
}
public void run() {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // buffer store for the stream
int bytes; // bytes returned from read()
// Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs
while (true) {
try {
// Read from the InputStream
bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
// Send the obtained bytes to the UI activity
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)
.sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
}
}
/* Call this from the main activity to send data to the remote device */
public void write(byte[] bytes) {
try {
mmOutStream.write(bytes);
} catch (IOException e) { }
}
/* Call this from the main activity to shutdown the connection */
public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) { }
}
}
其它:如何使用profile
profile是两个设备基于蓝牙通信的无线接口规范。一个例子是Hands-Free profile。对于手机连接到无线耳机情景,两个设备必须都支持Hands-Free profile。
可以使用BluetoothProfile创建一个特殊自有的profile。安卓蓝牙API支持以下Bluetooth profile。
Headset。耳机和手机见的profile,BluetoothHeadset类,A2DP, BluetoothA2dp Health Device。
使用profile的基本步骤如下
- 1.获得默认的adapter
- 2.使用getProfileProxy()建立profile代理对象和profile之间的连接
- 3.建立BluetoothProfile.ServerListener。
- 4.在onServiceConnected(),获得profile代理对象的句柄。
- 5.一旦获得profile代理,可以使用其检测连接状态,或者执行profile能够提供的功能。
BluetoothHeadset mBluetoothHeadset;
// Get the default adapter
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
// Establish connection to the proxy.
mBluetoothAdapter.getProfileProxy(context, mProfileListener, BluetoothProfile.HEADSET);
private BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener mProfileListener = new BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener() {
public void onServiceConnected(int profile, BluetoothProfile proxy) {
if (profile == BluetoothProfile.HEADSET) {
mBluetoothHeadset = (BluetoothHeadset) proxy;
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(int profile) {
if (profile == BluetoothProfile.HEADSET) {
mBluetoothHeadset = null;
}
}
};
// ... call functions on mBluetoothHeadset
// Close proxy connection after use.
mBluetoothAdapter.closeProfileProxy(mBluetoothHeadset);
完~~
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