Java架构技术进阶Java码出未来

大文件拷贝,试试NIO的内存映射

2020-02-27  本文已影响0人  码上搞定
推荐阅读:从远程办公到简历被拒,再到斩获阿里offer,这份PDF功不可没

最近项目里有个需求需要实现文件拷贝,在java中文件拷贝流的读写,很容易就想到IO中的InputStream和OutputStream之类的,但是上网查了一下文件拷贝也是有很多种方法的,除了IO,还有NIO、Apache提供的工具类、JDK自带的文件拷贝方法

IO拷贝

public class IOFileCopy {

    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

    public static void copyFile(String source, String target) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try(InputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File(source));
            OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File(target))) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            int len;
            while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                out.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }

            System.out.println(String.format("IO file copy cost %d msc", System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

传统IO中文件读取过程可以分为以下几步:

NIO拷贝

NIO进行文件拷贝有两种实现方式,一是通过管道,而是通过文件内存内存映射

public class NIOFileCopy {

    public static void copyFile(String source, String target) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try(FileChannel input = new FileInputStream(new File(source)).getChannel();
            FileChannel output = new FileOutputStream(new File(target)).getChannel()) {
            output.transferFrom(input, 0, input.size());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("NIO file copy cost %d msc", System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
    }
}

文件内存映射:

把内核空间地址与用户空间的虚拟地址映射到同一个物理地址,DMA 硬件可以填充对内核与用户空间进程同时可见的缓冲区了。用户进程直接从内存中读取文件内容,应用只需要和内存打交道,不需要进行缓冲区来回拷贝,大大提高了IO拷贝的效率。加载内存映射文件所使用的内存在Java堆区之外

public class NIOFileCopy2 {

    public static void copyFile(String source, String target) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try(FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File(source));
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(target))) {
            FileChannel sourceChannel = fis.getChannel();
            FileChannel targetChannel = fos.getChannel();
            MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer = sourceChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, sourceChannel.size());
            targetChannel.write(mappedByteBuffer);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("NIO memory reflect file copy cost %d msc", System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
        File targetFile = new File(target);
        targetFile.delete();
    }
}

NIO内存映射文件拷贝可以分为以下几步

NIO的内存映射实际上就是少了一次从内核空间拷贝到用户空间的过程,将对用户缓冲区的读改为从内存读取

Files#copyFile方法

public class FilesCopy {

    public static void copyFile(String source, String target) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try {
            File sourceFile = new File(source);
            File targetFile = new File(target);
            Files.copy(sourceFile.toPath(), targetFile.toPath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("FileCopy file copy cost %d msc", System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
    }
}

FileUtils#copyFile方法

使用FileUtils之前需先引入依赖

性能比较

既然有这么多种实现方法,肯定要从中选择性能最佳的

测试环境:

测试代码:PerformTest.java

public class PerformTest {

    private static final String source1 = "input/test1.txt";
    private static final String source2 = "input/test2.txt";
    private static final String source3 = "input/test3.txt";
    private static final String source4 = "input/test4.txt";
    private static final String target1 = "output/test1.txt";
    private static final String target2 = "output/test2.txt";
    private static final String target3 = "output/test3.txt";
    private static final String target4 = "output/test4.txt";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IOFileCopy.copyFile(source1, target1);
        NIOFileCopy.copyFile(source2, target2);
        FilesCopy.copyFile(source3, target3);
        FileUtilsCopy.copyFile(source4, target4);
    }
}

总共执行了五次,读写的文件大小分别为9KB、23KB、239KB、1.77MB、12.7MB

注意:单位均为毫秒

从执行结果来看:

文件较小时,IO效率高于NIO,NIO底层实现较为复杂,NIO的优势不明显。同时NIO内存映射初始化耗时,所以在文件较小时和IO复制相比没有优势

如果追求效率可以选择NIO的内存映射去实现文件拷贝,但是对于大文件使用内存映射拷贝要格外关注系统内存的使用率。推荐:大文件拷贝使用内存映射,原文是这样的:

For most operating systems, mapping a file into memory is more
expensive than reading or writing a few tens of kilobytes of data via
the usual {@link #read read} and {@link #write write} methods.  From the
standpoint of performance it is generally only worth mapping relatively
large files into memory

绝大多数操作系统的内存映射开销大于IO开销

同时通过测试结果来看,工具类和JDK提供的文件复制方法效果并不高,如果不追求效率还是可以使用一下,毕竟能少写一行代码就少写一行代码,写代码没有摸鱼来的快乐

作者:何甜甜在吗
链接:https://juejin.im/post/5e2523686fb9a030051f013e
来源:掘金

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读