给广大 Android 开发者的一份组件化架构指南：从理论到实战
2022-07-22 本文已影响0人
程序老秃子
为什么需要组件化？
-
极大提高工程编译速度
-
业务模块解耦，有利于多人团队协作开发
什么是组件化？
所谓的组件化就是把需求拆成一个一个的小模块，最后组装需要的模块组成一个app
模块化架构
创建一个 Project 后可以创建多个 Module，这个 Module 就是所谓的模块。一个的例子，在写代码的时候我们会把每个模块拆开，每个 tab 所包含的内容就是一个模块，这样可以减少 module 的代码量，但是每个模块之间的肯定是有页面的跳转，数据传递等。
组件化架构
组件化带来的优势
加快编译速度：每个业务组件都可以单独运行调试，速度提升好几倍
功能重用：一次编码处处复用，再也不需要复制代码了。基础组件和业务基础组件，调用者可以根据文档就可以一键集成和使用。
提高协作效率：每个组件都有专人维护，只需要重点测试修改的组件即可。
组件化配置
1、全局配置
全局配置 :
isModuleMode 是最终要的配置 , 通过该配置的 true / false 设置当前是否开启组件化
集成模式 true ( 默认模式 , 模块化 )
组件模式 false ( 组件化 )
androidConfig 用于统一管理各个 Module 中的版本号 , 如编译版本号 , 最小版本号 , 目标版本号 ;applicationId 用于保存各个模块的包名 , 尤其是 module 依赖库的包名 , 组件化的状态下 , 该 module 需要独立运行 , 必须配置一个 applicationId 包名 。
dependencies 用于统一管理各个模块之间的依赖库 , 避免管理分散 ;
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n151" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// ext 是 extension 扩展的含义
// ext 后的 {} 花括号 , 是闭包 ,
ext{
// 是否是模块化模式
// 集成模式 true ( 默认模式 , 模块化 )
// 组件模式 false ( 组件化 )
isModuleMode = true
// 定义 android 变量 , 类型是字典 Map 集合
// 其中定义了若干键值对集合
androidConfig = [
compileSdkVersion : 30,
minSdkVersion : 18,
targetSdkVersion : 30,
versionCode : 1,
versionName : "1.0"
]
applicationId = [
"app" : "kim.hsl.component",
"module1" : "kim.hsl.module1",
"module2" : "kim.hsl.module2",
]
// androidx 版本号
androidxVersion = "1.3.0"
constraintlayoutVersion = "2.0.4"
materialVersion = "1.3.0"
// 统一管理依赖库
dependencies = [
// ${} 表示引用之前定义的变量
"appcompat" : "androidx.appcompat:appcompat:${androidxVersion}",
"constraintlayout" : "androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:${constraintlayoutVersion}",
"material" : "com.google.android.material:material:${materialVersion}"
]
}</pre>
2、工程下的 build.gradle 配置
在总的 build.gradle 配置中 , 引入上述全局配置 , 其作用就相当于将上述全局配置原封不动拷贝过来 ;
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n154" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apply from: "component.gradle"</pre>
完整配置 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n156" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
// 将 component.gradle 配置文件中的内容导入到该位置
// 相当于引入头文件
apply from: "component.gradle"
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.1.0"
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}</pre>
3、app 模块下的 build.gradle 配置
在 app 模块中重点关注 , 在组件模式下 , 一定不能引入依赖库 , 否则会报错 , 因为组件模式下这两个依赖库是两个可运行的独立应用 ;
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n159" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
if (isModuleMode){
// 集成模式下才能引用这两个 Library Module
implementation project(path: ':module1')
implementation project(path: ':module2')
}
}</pre>
版本号 , applicationId , 依赖库 统一管理 :
从 Project 级别的配置中获取变量 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n162" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">def androidConfig = rootProject.ext.androidConfig
def appId = rootProject.ext.applicationId
def dep = rootProject.ext.dependencies</pre>
版本号 和 applicationId 统一管理 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n164" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">android {
compileSdkVersion androidConfig.compileSdkVersion
defaultConfig {
applicationId appId["app"]
minSdkVersion androidConfig.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion androidConfig.targetSdkVersion
versionCode androidConfig.versionCode
versionName androidConfig.versionName
}</pre>
依赖库统一管理 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n166" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
//implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
//implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
//implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
implementation dep.appcompat
implementation dep.constraintlayout
implementation dep.material
}</pre>
完整配置 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n168" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
}
def androidConfig = rootProject.ext.androidConfig
def appId = rootProject.ext.applicationId
def dep = rootProject.ext.dependencies
android {
compileSdkVersion androidConfig.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
defaultConfig {
applicationId appId["app"]
minSdkVersion androidConfig.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion androidConfig.targetSdkVersion
versionCode androidConfig.versionCode
versionName androidConfig.versionName
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
// ARoute 需要的配置
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
arguments = [AROUTER_MODULE_NAME: project.getName()]
}
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
}
dependencies {
//implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
//implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
//implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
implementation dep.appcompat
implementation dep.constraintlayout
implementation dep.material
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.+'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
// 替换成最新版本, 需要注意的是api
// 要与compiler匹配使用，均使用最新版可以保证兼容
api 'com.alibaba:arouter-api:1.5.1'
annotationProcessor 'com.alibaba:arouter-compiler:1.5.1'
if (isModuleMode){
// 集成模式下才能引用这两个 Library Module
implementation project(path: ':module1')
implementation project(path: ':module2')
}
}</pre>
组件化需解决的问题
业务组件间没有依赖，如何实现数据通信？
业务组件如何实现单独调试？
壳工程Application生命周期如何下发？
业务组件间没有依赖，如何实现页面跳转？
独立调试
单工程方案
所谓的单工程方案就是把所有组件都放到一个工程下
单工程利弊分析：
-
利：一个模块修改后只需要编译一下
-
弊：没能做到完全的职责拆分，每个模块的开发者都有修改其他模块的权限。
首先在 gradle.properties 文件内声明一个变量：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n184" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// gradle.properties
isModule = true</pre>
isModule 为 true 时表示组件可以作为 apk 运行起来，false 表示组件只能作为 library。我们根据需要改变这个值后同步下gradle即可。
然后在某个 module 的 build.gradle 文件内用这个变量做三个地方的判断：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n187" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// build.gradle
// 区分是应用还是库
if(isModule.toBoolean()) {
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
}else {
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
}
android {
defaultConfig {
// 如果是应用需要指定application
if(isModule.toBoolean()) {
applicationId "com.xxx.xxx"
}
}
sourceSets {
main {
// 应用和库的AndroidManifest文件区分
if(isModule.toBoolean()) {
manifest.srcFile 'src/main/debug/AndroidManifest.xml'
}else {
manifest.srcFile 'src/main/AndroidManifest.xml'
}
}
}
}</pre>
由于library是不需要 Application 和启动Activity页，所以我们要区分这个文件，应用manifest指定的路径没有特定，随意找个路径创建即可。在应用AndroidManifest.xml里我们要设置启动页：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n189" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sun.biz_home">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:label="@string/home_app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/home_AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".debug.HomeActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest></pre>
library 的 AndroidManifest.xml 不需要这些：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n191" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sun.biz_home">
</manifest></pre>
gradle 依赖 module 的方式主要有两种：
-
implementation: A implementation B，B implementation C， 但 A 不能访问到 C 的东西。
-
api：A api B，B api C，A能访问到C的东西。
一般来说我们只需要使用 implementation 即可，api 是会造成项目编译时间变长，而且会引入该模块不需要的功能，代码之间耦合变得严重了。不过 module_common 是统一了基础组件版本的公共库，所有组件都应需要依赖它并拥有基础组件的能力，所以基本每个业务组件和业务基础组件都应该依赖公共库：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n199" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
implementation project(':module_common')
}</pre>
而 common 组件依赖基础组件应该是用 api，因为把基础组件的能力传递给上层业务组件：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n201" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
api project(':module_base')
api project(':module_util')
}</pre>
多工程方案
多工程就是每个组件都是一个工程，例如创建一个工程后 app 作为壳组件，它依赖 biz_home 运行，因此不需要 isModule 来控制独立调试，它本身就是一个工程可以独立调试。
多工程的利弊就是和单工程相反的：
-
利：做到职责完全拆分，其他项目复用更加方便，直接一行依赖引入。
-
弊：修改后需要上传到maven仓库，其他工程再次编译后才能感知到变化，多了上传和编译的时间。
多工程组件依赖需要用到maven仓库。把每个组件的aar上传到公司内网的maven仓库，然后像这样去依赖：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n211" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">implementation 'com.xxx.xxx:module_common:1.0.0'
</pre>
我们把三方库统一放到 config.gradle 内管理：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n213" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ext {
dependencies = [
"glide": "com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.12.0",
"glide-compiler": "com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:4.12.0",
"okhttp3": "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.0",
"retrofit": "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0",
"retrofit-converter-gson" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0",
"retrofit-adapter-rxjava2" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.9.0",
"rxjava2": "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.21",
"arouter": "com.alibaba:arouter-api:1.5.1",
"arouter-compiler": "com.alibaba:arouter-compiler:1.5.1",
// our lib
"module_util": "com.sun.module:module_util:1.0.0",
"module_common": "com.sun.module:module_common:1.0.0",
"module_base": "com.sun.module:module_base:1.0.0",
"fun_splash": "com.sun.fun:fun_splash:1.0.0",
"fun_share": "com.sun.fun:fun_share:1.0.0",
"export_biz_home": "com.sun.export:export_biz_home:1.0.0",
"export_biz_me": "com.sun.export:export_biz_me:1.0.0",
"export_biz_msg": "com.sun.export:export_biz_msg:1.0.0",
"biz_home": "com.sun.biz:biz_home:1.0.0",
"biz_me": "com.sun.biz:biz_me:1.0.0",
"biz_msg": "com.sun.biz:biz_msg:1.0.0"
]
}</pre>
这样方便版本统一管理， 然后在根目录的 build.gradle 内导入：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n215" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apply from: 'config.gradle'</pre>
最后在各自的模块引入依赖，比如在 module_common 中这么引入依赖即可。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n217" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter"]
kapt rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter-compiler"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["glide"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["okhttp3"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["retrofit"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["retrofit-converter-gson"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["retrofit-adapter-rxjava2"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["rxjava2"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["module_util"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["module_base"]
}</pre>
页面跳转
做完组件之间的隔离后，暴露出来最明显的问题就是页面跳转和数据通信的问题。一般来说，页面跳转都是显示startActivity跳转，在组件化项目内就不适用了，隐式跳转可以用，但每个Activity都要写 intent-filter 就显得有点麻烦，所以最好的方式还是用路由框架。
实际上市面已经有比较成熟的路由框架专门就是为了组件化而生的，比如美团的WMRouter，阿里的ARouter等，本例使用 ARouter 框架，看下ARouter页面跳转的基本操作。
首先肯定是引入依赖，以 module_common 引入ARouter举例，build.gradle 应该添加：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n222" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">android {
defaultConfig {
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
arguments = [AROUTER_MODULE_NAME: project.getName()]
}
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
}
dependencies {
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter"]
kapt rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter-compiler"]
}</pre>
kapt注解依赖没有办法传递，所以我们不可避免得需要在每个模块都声明这些配置，除了 api rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter"] 这行。然后需要全局注册 ARouter，我是在 module_common 统一注册的。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n224" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class AppCommon: BaseApp{
override fun onCreate(application: Application) {
MLog.d(TAG, "BaseApp AppCommon init")
initARouter(application)
}
private fun initARouter(application: Application) {
if(BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
ARouter.openLog()
ARouter.openDebug()
}
ARouter.init(application)
}
}</pre>
接着我们在 module_common 模块内声明一个路由表用作统一管理路径。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n226" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// RouterPath.kt
class RouterPath {
companion object {
const val APP_MAIN = "/app/MainActivity"
const val HOME_FRAGMENT = "/home/HomeFragment"
const val MSG_FRAGMENT = "/msg/MsgFragment"
const val ME_FRAGMENT = "/me/MeFragment"
const val MSG_PROVIDER = "/msg/MsgProviderImpl"
}
}</pre>
然后在MainActivity类文件上进行注解：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n228" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">@Route(path = RouterPath.APP_MAIN)
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
}</pre>
任意模块只需要调用 ARouter.getInstance().build(RouterPath.APP_MAIN).navigation() 即可实现跳转。如果我们要加上数据传递也很方便：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n230" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ARouter.getInstance().build(RouterPath.APP_MAIN)
.withString("key", "value")
.withObject("key1", obj)
.navigation()
</pre>
然后在MainActivity使用依赖注入接受数据：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n232" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
@Autowired
String key = ""
}</pre>
Arouter方案
在 export_biz_msg 组件下声明 IMsgProvider，此接口必须实现 IProvider 接口：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n235" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">interface IMsgProvider: IProvider {
fun onCountFromHome(count: Int = 1)
}
</pre>
然后在 biz_msg 组件里实现这个接口：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n237" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">@Route(path = RouterPath.MSG_PROVIDER)
class MsgProviderImpl: IMsgProvider {
override fun onCountFromHome(count: Int) {
// 这里只是对数据进行分发，有监听计数的对象会收到
MsgCount.instance.addCount(count)
}
override fun init(context: Context?) {
// 对象被初始化时调用
}
}
</pre>
在 biz_home 首页组件中发送计数：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n239" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">val provider = ARouter.getInstance().build(RouterPath.MSG_PROVIDER).navigation() as IMsgProvider
provider.onCountFromHome(count)</pre>
可以看到其实和页面跳转的方式基本雷同，包括获取 Fragment 实例的方式也是这种。ARouter把所有通信的方式都用一种api实现，让使用者上手非常容易。
Application生命周期分发
当 app 壳工程启动Application初始化时要通知到其他组件初始化一些功能。这里提供一个简单的方式。
首先我们在 module_common 公共库内声明一个接口 BaseApp：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n244" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">interface BaseApp {
fun onCreate(application: Application)
}</pre>
然后每个组件都要创建一个 App 类实现此接口，比如biz_home组件：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n246" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class HomeApp: BaseApp {
override fun onCreate(application: Application) {
// 初始化都放在这里
MLog.d(TAG, "BaseApp HomeApp init")
}
}</pre>
剩下最后一步就是从 app 壳工程分发 application 的生命周期了，这里用到反射技术：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n248" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">val moduleInitArr = arrayOf(
"com.sun.module_common.AppCommon",
"com.sun.biz_home.HomeApp",
"com.sun.biz_msg.MsgApp",
"com.sun.biz_me.MeApp"
)
class App: Application() {
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
initModuleApp(this)
}
private fun initModuleApp(application: Application) {
try {
for(appName in moduleInitArr) {
val clazz = Class.forName(appName)
val module = clazz.getConstructor().newInstance() as BaseApp
module.onCreate(application)
}
}catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
}</pre>
总结
以上就是今天的所有内容，相信大家看完之后都会有着自己的收获，但是盲目的学习并不能让你的技术稳定的增长
我自荐一套 《完整的Android学习资料，以及一些视频课讲解 现在点击此链接即可免费获取》
最后我想说：
对于程序员来说，要学习的知识内容、技术有太多太多，要想不被环境淘汰就只有不断提升自己，从来都是我们去适应环境，而不是环境来适应我们
技术是无止境的，你需要对自己提交的每一行代码、使用的每一个工具负责，不断挖掘其底层原理，才能使自己的技术升华到更高的层面
Android 架构师之路还很漫长，与君共勉
