浅析 ThreadLocal (Android)

2018-02-22  本文已影响28人  karlsu

一. ThreadLocal 是什么

ThreadLocal用于实现在不同的线程中存储线程私有数据的类，通过它可以在指定的线程中存储数据，数据存储以后，只有在指定线程中可以获取到存储的数据，对于其他线程来说则无法获取到数据。

二. ThreadLocal 源码解析

1.set方法

    /**
     * Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
     * to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
     * override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
     * method to set the values of thread-locals.
     *
     * @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
     *        this thread-local.
     */
    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

整个流程如下：

getMap 源码：

/**
     * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
     * InheritableThreadLocal.
     *
     * @param  t the current thread
     * @return the map
     */
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }

getMap()方法 获取到的是Thread对象的threadLocals 变量，类型为 ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap。
如果 map 对象为空，则新建 ThreadLocalMap 对象。

  /**
     * Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
     * InheritableThreadLocal.
     *
     * @param t the current thread
     * @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
     */
    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

由此可知：每个线程都有一个保存值的ThreadLocalMap 对象，ThreadLocal的值就存放在了当前线程的 ThreadLocalMap成员变量中，所以只能在本线程访问，其他线程不能访问。

ThrealLocal的值是如何在threadLocals中进行存储的呢? 在 threadLocals 内部有一个数组，private Entry[] table，ThrealLocal 的值就存在这个 table 数组中。

        /**
         * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
         * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
         * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
         * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
         * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
         * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
         */
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

在看看ThreadLocalMap的保存方法：ThreadLocalMap#set

          /**
         * Set the value associated with key.
         *
         * @param key the thread local object
         * @param value the value to be set
         */
        private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {

            // We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
            // least as common to use set() to create new entries as
            // it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
            // path would fail more often than not.

            Entry[] tab = table;
            int len = tab.length;
            int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);

            for (Entry e = tab[i];
                 e != null;
                 e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
                ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();

                if (k == key) {
                    e.value = value;
                    return;
                }

                if (k == null) {
                    replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
                    return;
                }
            }

            tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
            int sz = ++size;
            if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
                rehash();
        }

set()方法实现了数据的存储，其中 table 是一个 Entry[] 数组对象，而 Entry 是用来存储 ThreadLocal key, Object value 的，逻辑是根据 key 找出 Entry 对象，如果找出的这个 Entry 的 k 等于 key，直接设置 Entry 的 value，如果 k 为空，则通过 replaceStaleEntry 保存数据，最后构建出Entry保存进table数组中。

2.get方法

    /**
     * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
     * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
     * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
     * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
     *
     * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
     */
    public T get() {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

get 方法首先取出当前线程的 ThreadLocalMap 对象，如果这个对象为空，则返回默认值；如果不为空，使用当前 ThreadLoacl 对象(this)获取 ThreadLocalMap 的 Entry 对象，返回 Entry 保存的 value 值。

ThreadLocal使用场景：

Android系统的Looper类,开源框架EventBus 都有运用到ThreadLocal进行线程局部数据的存储。

  // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
 static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
 private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

防止内存泄漏

对于已经不再被使用且已被回收的 ThreadLocal 对象，它在每个线程内对应的实例由于被线程的 ThreadLocalMap 的 Entry 强引用，无法被回收，可能会造成内存泄漏。
针对该问题，ThreadLocalMap 的 set 方法中，通过 replaceStaleEntry 方法将所有键为 null 的 Entry 的值设置为 null，从而使得该值可被回收。另外，会在 rehash 方法中通过 expungeStaleEntry 方法将键和值为 null 的 Entry 设置为 null 从而使得该 Entry 可被回收。通过这种方式，ThreadLocal 可防止内存泄漏，可参考上述set方法源码！

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