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画BaseLine平齐的文本

2017-06-02  本文已影响235人  砂砾han

最近在项目中遇到好几处类似下方这样的带单位、左大右小的布局


1.png 2.png

看起来很平常,两个不同size的TextView左右布局,同时它们的baseline是平齐的,有人马上就想到了在RelativeLayout中的子View可以使用layout_alignBaseline属性完成这个布局,这里贴下xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:gravity="center"
    >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_value"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:includeFontPadding="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="16sp" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_unit"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/tv_value"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tv_value"
        android:includeFontPadding="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="14sp" />
</RelativeLayout>

本来以为到这里就结束了,但是设计告诉我说,这个底边并没有平齐,那个kg的g明明下沉了,我要的效果不是这样的……然后我就解释了一下因为这个g比较特殊,你要是m就齐了,设计大哥就问了句那我要的能实现不……
这里就不得不说一下TextView的绘制了


Text的绘制

熟悉自定义view的同学应该知道,自定义view其实就是绘制文字和图像,这就涉及到canvas的drawText()方法了,这里有好几个重载的方法,看看我们经常常用的这个方法的源码:

/**
     * Draw the text, with origin at (x,y), using the specified paint. The
     * origin is interpreted based on the Align setting in the paint.
     *
     * @param text  The text to be drawn
     * @param x     The x-coordinate of the origin of the text being drawn
     * @param y     The y-coordinate of the baseline of the text being drawn
     * @param paint The paint used for the text (e.g. color, size, style)
     */
    public void drawText(@NonNull String text, float x, float y, @NonNull Paint paint) {
        native_drawText(mNativeCanvasWrapper, text, 0, text.length(), x, y, paint.mBidiFlags,
                paint.getNativeInstance(), paint.mNativeTypeface);
    }

这四个参数除了y其他的都很好理解,text是要绘制的文本内容,x是x轴方向的开始绘制的值,y参数说明里的baseline又是什么东东……
先上图:


3.png

这张图里有四根线,其中3就是baseline,可以看到汉字和英文字母都会超出这个线,阿拉伯数字就不会超出这个baseline。也就是说drawtext在垂直方向是以3为基准的,所以当我们想把文本垂直居中绘制在某一个view里,y的值是不能直接设为getHeight()/2的,也就是图中的2号线,y值应该向下偏移到3的位置。
这里就说下3号线距离1号线和4号线分别对应两个值,他们是FontMetrics这个类中的两个值,ascent(负数)和descent的绝对值。在FontMetrics有五个float类型值:

想要了解详情的可以看看FontMetrics这个类的源码。


所以到这里,实现平齐效果的思路就很明了,自定义一个view,继承自View,画两个text即可实现,关键在于第二个text的baseline设置成多少。
先贴上完整的类

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;


/**
 * Description:
 * Created by hdz on 2017/6/1.
 */

public class AlignmentView extends View {

    //数值的画笔
    private Paint valuePaint;

    //单位的画笔
    private Paint unitPaint;

    private int valueColor = Color.BLACK;

    private int unitColor = Color.BLACK;

    private float valueTextSize = 30;

    private float unitTextSize = 24;

    //数值和单位之间的padding
    private float space = 0;

    /**
     * 类型
     * 0:下方未超出baseline
     * 1:下方超出baseline
     */
    private int type;

    private String value;

    private String unit;

    //数值对应baseline的y值
    private float valueDrawY;
    
    private Paint.FontMetrics valueMetrics;

    private Paint.FontMetrics unitMetrics;

    public AlignmentView(Context context) {
        this(context, null, 0);
    }

    public AlignmentView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public AlignmentView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        init(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }

    private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {

        if (attrs == null) {
            return;
        }

        TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.AlignmentView, defStyleAttr, 0);
        value = array.getString(R.styleable.AlignmentView_value);
        unit = array.getString(R.styleable.AlignmentView_unit);
        space = array.getDimension(R.styleable.AlignmentView_space, 0);
        unitColor = array.getColor(R.styleable.AlignmentView_unitColor, Color.BLACK);
        valueColor = array.getColor(R.styleable.AlignmentView_valueColor, Color.BLACK);
        valueTextSize = array.getDimension(R.styleable.AlignmentView_valueSize, 30);
        unitTextSize = array.getDimension(R.styleable.AlignmentView_unitSize, 24);
        type = array.getInt(R.styleable.AlignmentView_type, 0);

        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
            value = "数值";
        }

        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(unit)) {
            unit = "单位";
        }

        valuePaint = new Paint();
        valuePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        valuePaint.setTextSize(valueTextSize);
        valuePaint.setColor(valueColor);
        valuePaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.LEFT);

        unitPaint = new Paint();
        unitPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        unitPaint.setTextSize(unitTextSize);
        unitPaint.setColor(unitColor);
        unitPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.LEFT);

        array.recycle();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        valueMetrics = valuePaint.getFontMetrics();
        unitMetrics = unitPaint.getFontMetrics();

        //获取文字的宽高
        float valueH = valueMetrics.descent - valueMetrics.ascent;
        float valueW = valuePaint.measureText(value);
        float unitH = unitMetrics.descent - unitMetrics.ascent;
        float unitW = unitPaint.measureText(unit);

        int realH = (int) (Math.max(valueH, unitH) + getPaddingBottom() + getPaddingTop());
        int realW = (int) (valueW + unitW + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight() + space);

        int width = measureSize(realW, widthMeasureSpec);
        int height = measureSize(realH, heightMeasureSpec);
        setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
    }

    private int measureSize(int defaultSize, int measureSpec) {
        int resultSize = defaultSize;
        int mode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int size = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (mode) {
            case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                resultSize = size;
                break;
        }
        return resultSize;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        drawValue(canvas);
        drawUnit(canvas);
        canvas.drawLine(getPaddingLeft(), valueDrawY, getWidth(), valueDrawY, unitPaint);
    }

//    画左侧的数值
    private void drawValue(Canvas canvas) {
       //y值的计算,向下偏移
        valueDrawY = getHeight() / 2 + (Math.abs(valueMetrics.ascent) - valueMetrics.descent) / 2;
        canvas.drawText(value, getPaddingLeft(), valueDrawY, valuePaint);
    }

//    画右侧的单位
    private void drawUnit(Canvas canvas) {
        float valueWidth = valuePaint.measureText(value);
        float x = getPaddingLeft() + valueWidth + space;
        float y = valueDrawY;
        if (type == 1) {
//            当底部超出baseline的时候,应该向上偏移单位对应的descent值
            y = valueDrawY - unitMetrics.descent;
        }
        canvas.drawText(unit, x, y, unitPaint);
    }

//    向外部提供设置值的方法
    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = value;
        invalidate();
    }

    public void setUnit(String unit) {
        this.unit = unit;
        invalidate();
    }
}

attrs:

<declare-styleable name="AlignmentView">
        <attr name="value" format="string"/>
        <attr name="unit" format="string"/>
        <attr name="valueColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="unitColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="valueSize" format="dimension" />
        <attr name="unitSize" format="dimension" />
        <attr name="space" format="dimension"/>

        <attr name="type">
            <enum name="NORMAL" value="0"/>
            <enum name="DESCENT_BEYOND" value="1"/>
        </attr>
    </declare-styleable>

这里需要说下就是drawUnit方法中drawText中的y值,当y = valueDrawY时也就达到了上面layout_alignBaseline的效果,如果还要调整,就需要
y = valueDrawY - unitMetrics.descent了,这里descent应该是unit所对应的。

布局文件

 <com.example.handezhao.align.AlignmentView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:background="#57df87"
        android:padding="10dp"
        app:space="5dp"
        app:unitColor="#00f"
        app:unitSize="20sp"
        app:valueColor="#454545"
        app:valueSize="40sp"
        app:value="1234567890"
        app:unit="abcdefghijk"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        app:type="DESCENT_BEYOND"
        />

最后看看两种type的效果:

type0.png type1.png

😆😆😆,这里的type可以根据不同的需求增加,比如右上角之类的……

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