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关于Handler消息处理机制的几个问题?

2016-12-19  本文已影响129人  Jesse_zhao

Android系统中的两大机制:Binder IPC机制和Handler消息机制;前者用于进程间通信,后者用于同一个进程中的线程间通信。作为一名Android developer,你肯定知道Handler消息处理机制的原理,就不做描述了。这里抛出两个问题:(第一个问题我是在知乎上看到的,引出的第二个问题,然后又看了一遍Handler消息处理机制的源码,然后就有了这篇文章!)

1、为什么主线程不会因为Looper.loop()里的死循环卡死?
2、message延时处理如何实现的?

如果你已经知道了答案,那你就不用浪费时间往下看了。

第一个问题:

我们知道源码Looper类中的loop()方法写了一个死循环:

/**
 * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
 * {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
 */
public static void loop() {
   ....//省略部分源码
    for (;;) {
        Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
        if (msg == null) {
            // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
            return;
        }

        // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
        Printer logging = me.mLogging;
        if (logging != null) {
            logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                    msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
        }

        msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
        ....//省略部分源码
        msg.recycleUnchecked();
    }
}

如何证明调用loop()方法后线程会阻塞呢?请看

public class MyThread extends Thread {
  private static final String TAG="MyThread";
  private Handler mHandler=new Handler(){
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        super.handleMessage(msg);
        Log.e(TAG, "handleMessage:-->"+msg.what);
    }
  };
  @Override
  public void run() {
    super.run();
    Looper.prepare();
    new MyThread2().start();
    Looper.loop();
    Log.e(TAG, "是否会执行?");
  }
}

执行以上代码,你会发现Log.e(TAG, "是否会执行?")是不会执行的。既然如此,我们的主线程也是这么干的啊,难道是我们写错了?这就引出了第一个问题

1、当looper去messageQueue中取消息时调用的是queue.next(); 当没有消息的时候,就会阻塞在nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);这个方法中,具体的就涉及到native方法的执行的,说是会让线程休眠让出cpu(抱歉没去深入native层)。

2、loop()方法会阻塞,那么其他的操作是怎么做到的?大牛说了会创建新的线程,然后发送消息到ActivityThread类中Handler去处理。//这个,呃,todo...

再来看第二个问题:

handler中发送消息的几个方法

 mHandler.sendEmptyMessageAtTime(1, 0);
 mHandler.sendEmptyMessageAtTime(2, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + 2000);
 mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(3);
 mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(4, 3000);

这几个方法其实最后都会调用handler中的enqueueMessage方法

private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    msg.target = this;
    if (mAsynchronous) {
        msg.setAsynchronous(true);
    }
    return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

再看messageQueue中的enqueueMessage方法:

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
   ....//省略部分源码
    synchronized (this) {
        ....//省略部分源码
        msg.markInUse();
        msg.when = when;
        Message p = mMessages;
        boolean needWake;
        //下面这段关键代码是给message进行排序
        if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
            // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
            msg.next = p;
            mMessages = msg;
            needWake = mBlocked;
        } else {
            needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
            Message prev;
            for (;;) {
                prev = p;
                p = p.next;
                if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                    break;
                }
                if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                    needWake = false;
                }
            }
            msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
            prev.next = msg;
        }
      ....//省略部分源码
    }
    return true;
}

这个方法会将handler发送的消息加入到消息队列,这个消息队列是的先后顺序是按照msg.when来排列的。通过next()来取出的消息,当消息还没到执行的时间时,那么这个方法就会阻塞。具体看如下源码:

Message next() {
   ....//省略部分源码
    int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
    for (;;) {
        if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
            Binder.flushPendingCommands();
        }

        nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);

        synchronized (this) {
            // Try to retrieve the next message.  Return if found.
            final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            Message prevMsg = null;
            Message msg = mMessages;
            if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
                // Stalled by a barrier.  Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
                do {
                    prevMsg = msg;
                    msg = msg.next;
                } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
            }
            if (msg != null) {
                if (now < msg.when) {
                    // Next message is not ready.  Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
                    nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                } else {
                    // Got a message.
                    mBlocked = false;
                    if (prevMsg != null) {
                        prevMsg.next = msg.next;
                    } else {
                        mMessages = msg.next;
                    }
                    msg.next = null;
                    if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
                    msg.markInUse();
                    return msg;
                }
            } else {
                // No more messages.
                nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
            }

            // Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
            if (mQuitting) {
                dispose();
                return null;
            }

            // If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
            // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
            // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
            if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
                    && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
                pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
            }
            if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
                // No idle handlers to run.  Loop and wait some more.
                mBlocked = true;
                continue;
            }

            if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
                mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
            }
            mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
        }
       ....//省略部分源码
        nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
    }
}

总结

1、主线程不会因为loop()死循环而卡死,使用当没有消息的时,线程会进入休眠让出cpu,具体实现是nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis)方法。

2、message的延时处理是通过判断handler发送消息时设定的执行时间,未到执行时间则和上述情况一样进入休眠让出cpu。

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