微服务中间件Java服务端面试

zipkin链路跟踪

2019-05-23  本文已影响41人  索伦x

Zipkin是什么

Zipkin是一款开源的分布式实时数据追踪系统（Distributed Tracking System），基于 Google Dapper的论文设计而来，由 Twitter 公司开发贡献。其主要功能是聚集来自各个异构系统的实时监控数据。分布式跟踪系统还有其他比较成熟的实现，例如：Naver的Pinpoint、Apache的HTrace、阿里的鹰眼Tracing、京东的Hydra、新浪的Watchman，美团点评的CAT，skywalking等。

为什么使用 Zipkin

随着业务越来越复杂，系统也随之进行各种拆分，特别是随着微服务架构和容器技术的兴起，看似简单的一个应用，后台可能有几十个甚至几百个服务在支撑；一个前端的请求可能需要多次的服务调用最后才能完成；当请求变慢或者不可用时，我们无法得知是哪个后台服务引起的，这时就需要解决如何快速定位服务故障点，Zipkin分布式跟踪系统就能很好的解决这样的问题。

Zipkin 架构

zipkin架构

如图所示，Zipkin 主要由四部分构成：收集器、数据存储、查询以及 Web 界面。Zipkin 的收集器负责将各系统报告过来的追踪数据进行接收；而数据存储默认使用 Cassandra，也可以替换为 MySQL；查询服务用来向其他服务提供数据查询的能力，而 Web 服务是官方默认提供的一个图形用户界面。

而各个异构的系统服务向 Zipkin 报告数据的架构如下图。


跟踪信息采集

Zipkin 客户端 Brave

Brave 是用来装备 Java 程序的类库，提供了面向 Standard Servlet、Spring MVC、Http Client、JAX RS、Jersey、Resteasy 和 MySQL 等接口的装备能力，可以通过编写简单的配置和代码，让基于这些框架构建的应用可以向 Zipkin 报告数据。同时 Brave 也提供了非常简单且标准化的接口，在以上封装无法满足要求的时候可以方便扩展与定制。

如下图是Brave的结构图。Brave利用reporter向zipkin的Collector发送trace信息。


Brave

Zipkin安装

docker-compose.yml

version: '2'

services:
  # The zipkin process services the UI, and also exposes a POST endpoint that
  # instrumentation can send trace data to. Scribe is disabled by default.
  zipkin:
    image: openzipkin/zipkin
    container_name: zipkin
    environment:
      #- STORAGE_TYPE=mem
      - STORAGE_TYPE=mysql
      # Point the zipkin at the storage backend
      - MYSQL_DB=zipkin
      - MYSQL_USER=root
      - MYSQL_PASS=123456
      - MYSQL_HOST=192.168.1.8
      - MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
      # Uncomment to enable scribe
      # - SCRIBE_ENABLED=true
      # Uncomment to enable self-tracing
      # - SELF_TRACING_ENABLED=true
      # Uncomment to enable debug logging
      # - JAVA_OPTS=-Dlogging.level.zipkin=DEBUG -Dlogging.level.zipkin2=DEBUG
    ports:
      # Port used for the Zipkin UI and HTTP Api
      - 9411:9411
      # Uncomment if you set SCRIBE_ENABLED=true
      # - 9410:9410
    #networks: 
    #  - default 
    #  - my_net #创建网路 docker network create my_net 删除网络 docker network rm my_net
#networks: 
  #my_net: 
    #external: true

访问测试: http://localhost:9411

Dubbo 集成 Zipkin

    <properties>
        <brave.version>4.19.2</brave.version>
        <zipkin-reporter.version>2.1.3</zipkin-reporter.version>
        <zipkin.version>2.8.1</zipkin.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- 非WEB启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- dubbo启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-reporter</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0</version>
            <type>pom</type>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave</artifactId>
            <version>4.19.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-context-log4j2</artifactId>
            <version>4.19.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-instrumentation-http</artifactId>
            <version>4.19.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-instrumentation-http-tests</artifactId>
            <version>4.19.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-instrumentation-servlet</artifactId>
            <version>4.19.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>
            <artifactId>brave-tests</artifactId>
            <version>4.19.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.zipkin2</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
            <version>${zipkin.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
            <version>${zipkin.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-junit</artifactId>
            <version>${zipkin.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.13</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

package com.suoron.login.api.config;

import brave.Tracing;
import brave.servlet.TracingFilter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import zipkin2.reporter.AsyncReporter;
import zipkin2.reporter.Reporter;
import zipkin2.reporter.Sender;
import zipkin2.reporter.okhttp3.OkHttpSender;
import zipkin2.Span;
import javax.servlet.Filter;

@Configuration
public class TracingConfig {

    /**
     * 配置zipkin服务地址
     */
    @Value("${zipkin.tracing.endpoint:http://10.3.135.166:9411/api/v2/spans}")
    private String zipkinEndPoint;

    @Value("${zipkin.tracing.local-service-name:local-service-name}")
    private String localServiceName;

    /**
     * 配置sender
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Sender sender(){
        OkHttpSender sender = OkHttpSender
                .newBuilder()
                .endpoint(zipkinEndPoint)
                .build();
        return sender;
    }

    /**
     * 配置reporter
     * @param sender
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Reporter<Span> reporter(Sender sender){
        return AsyncReporter
                .builder(sender)
                .build();
    }

    /**
     * 配置dubbo-consumer tracing
     * @param reporter
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Tracing tracing(Reporter reporter){
        return Tracing.newBuilder()
                .localServiceName(localServiceName)
                .spanReporter(reporter)
                .build();
    }

    /**
     * 配置http tracing
     * @param reporter
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Tracing tracing2(Reporter reporter){
        return Tracing.newBuilder()
                .localServiceName(localServiceName + "_http")
                .spanReporter(reporter)
                .build();
    }

    /**
     * 配置servlet filter
     * @param tracing2
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Filter filter(Tracing tracing2){
        return TracingFilter.create(tracing2);
    }

    /**
     * 注册filter
     * @param filter
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistration(Filter filter) {
        FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        registration.setFilter(filter);
        registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        registration.setName("zipkin-filter");
        registration.setOrder(1);
        return registration;
    }
}

package com.suoron.login.api.filter;

import brave.Span;
import brave.Tracer;
import brave.Tracing;
import brave.propagation.TraceContext;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.Constants;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.extension.Activate;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.extension.SpringExtensionFactory;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.*;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.support.RpcUtils;
import com.suoron.login.api.utils.ZipkinHelper;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.Map;

import static com.suoron.login.api.utils.ZipkinHelper.SETTER;

@Activate(group = Constants.CONSUMER)
public class DubboZipkinConsumerFilter implements Filter {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DubboZipkinConsumerFilter.class);

    private SpringExtensionFactory springExtensionFactory = new SpringExtensionFactory();
    private Tracer tracer;

    // tracing上下文消息注入
    private TraceContext.Injector<Map<String, String>> injector;

    @Override
    public Result invoke(Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation) throws RpcException {
        log.info("dubbo zipkin consumer filter......");

        Tracing tracing = springExtensionFactory.getExtension(Tracing.class, "tracing");
        tracer = tracing.tracer();
        if (tracer == null){
            return invoker.invoke(invocation);
        }

        if (null == injector){
            injector = tracing.propagation().injector(SETTER);
        }

        RpcContext rpcContext = RpcContext.getContext();
        Span span = tracer.nextSpan();
        injector.inject(span.context(), invocation.getAttachments());

        ZipkinHelper.buildSpan(span, Span.Kind.CONSUMER, rpcContext.getRemoteAddress(), invoker.getInterface().getSimpleName(),
                RpcUtils.getMethodName(invocation));

        return ZipkinHelper.spanTracing(span, tracer, invoker, invocation, rpcContext);
    }

}

DubboZipkinProviderFilter.java

package com.suoron.login.api.filter;

import brave.Span;
import brave.Tracer;
import brave.Tracing;
import brave.propagation.TraceContext;
import brave.propagation.TraceContextOrSamplingFlags;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.Constants;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.extension.Activate;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.extension.SpringExtensionFactory;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.*;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.support.RpcUtils;
import com.suoron.login.api.utils.ZipkinHelper;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.Map;

import static com.suoron.login.api.utils.ZipkinHelper.*;

@Activate(group = Constants.PROVIDER)
public class DubboZipkinProviderFilter implements Filter {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DubboZipkinProviderFilter.class);

    private SpringExtensionFactory springExtensionFactory = new SpringExtensionFactory();
    private Tracer tracer;

    // tracing上下文消息提取
    private TraceContext.Extractor<Map<String, String>> extractor;

    @Override
    public Result invoke(Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation) throws RpcException {
        log.info("dubbo zipkin provider filter......");

        Tracing tracing = springExtensionFactory.getExtension(Tracing.class, "tracing");
        tracer = tracing.tracer();
        if (null == tracer){
            return invoker.invoke(invocation);
        }

        if (null == extractor){
            extractor = tracing.propagation().extractor(GETTER);
        }

        TraceContextOrSamplingFlags extracted = extractor.extract(invocation.getAttachments());
        Span span = extracted.context() != null
                ? tracer.joinSpan(extracted.context())
                : tracer.nextSpan(extracted);

        RpcContext rpcContext = RpcContext.getContext();
        ZipkinHelper.buildSpan(span, Span.Kind.SERVER, rpcContext.getRemoteAddress(), invoker.getInterface().getSimpleName(),
                RpcUtils.getMethodName(invocation));

        return ZipkinHelper.spanTracing(span, tracer, invoker, invocation, rpcContext);
    }
}

ZipkinHelper.java -- 辅助类

package com.suoron.login.api.utils;

import brave.Span;
import brave.Tracer;
import brave.propagation.Propagation;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.ResponseCallback;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.*;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.FutureAdapter;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.support.RpcUtils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import zipkin2.Endpoint;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

/**
 * @author Suoron
 * @Description:
 * @date 2018/6/22 10:44
 */
public class ZipkinHelper {

    public static final Propagation.Setter<Map<String, String>, String> SETTER =
            new Propagation.Setter<Map<String, String>, String>() {
                @Override
                public void put(Map<String, String> carrier, String key, String value) {
                    carrier.put(key, value);
                }
                @Override
                public String toString() {
                    return JSON.toJSONString(this);
                }
            };
    public static final Propagation.Getter<Map<String, String>, String> GETTER =
            new Propagation.Getter<Map<String, String>, String>() {
                @Override
                public String get(Map<String, String> carrier, String key) {
                    return carrier.get(key);
                }

                @Override
                public String toString() {
                    return JSON.toJSONString(this);
                }
            };

    public static void buildSpan(Span span, Span.Kind kind, InetSocketAddress remoteAddress, String service, String method){
        if (!span.isNoop()) {
            span.kind(kind).start();
            span.kind(kind);
            span.name(service + "/" + method);
            Endpoint.Builder remoteEndpoint = Endpoint.newBuilder().port(remoteAddress.getPort());
            if (!remoteEndpoint.parseIp(remoteAddress.getAddress())) {
                remoteEndpoint.parseIp(remoteAddress.getHostName());
            }
            span.remoteEndpoint(remoteEndpoint.build());
        }
    }

    public static Result spanTracing(Span span, Tracer tracer, Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation, RpcContext rpcContext){
        boolean isOneway = false;
        boolean deferFinish = false;
        try (Tracer.SpanInScope scope = tracer.withSpanInScope(span)) {
            Result result = invoker.invoke(invocation);
            if (result.hasException()) {
                onError(result.getException(), span);
            }
            isOneway = RpcUtils.isOneway(invoker.getUrl(), invocation);
            Future<Object> future = rpcContext.getFuture(); // the case on async client invocation
            if (future instanceof FutureAdapter) {
                deferFinish = true;
                ((FutureAdapter) future).getFuture().setCallback(new ZipkinHelper.FinishSpanCallback(span));
            }
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            onError(e, span);
            throw e;
        } finally {
            if (isOneway) {
                span.flush();
            } else if (!deferFinish) {
                span.finish();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void onError(Throwable error, Span span) {
        span.error(error);
        if (error instanceof RpcException) {
            span.tag("dubbo.error_code", Integer.toString(((RpcException) error).getCode()));
        }
    }

    public static final class FinishSpanCallback implements ResponseCallback {
        final Span span;

        FinishSpanCallback(Span span) {
            this.span = span;
        }

        @Override
        public void done(Object response) {
            span.finish();
        }

        @Override
        public void caught(Throwable exception) {
            onError(exception, span);
            span.finish();
        }
    }
}

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.suoron.login.api.config.TracingConfig

META-INF/dubbo/com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter

zipkinConsumerDubboFilter=com.suoron.login.api.filter.DubboZipkinConsumerFilter
zipkinProviderDubboFilter=com.suoron.login.api.filter.DubboZipkinProviderFilter

application.yml

# 消费端配置
zipkin:
  tracing:
    local-service-name: login-consumer
# 提供者配置
zipkin:
  tracing:
    local-service-name: login-provider

// 提供者接口实现类
@Service(version = "1.0.0",token = "12345678",filter = "zipkinProviderDubboFilter")
public class ILoginServiceImpl implements ILoginService {
    ...
}
// 消费者调用类
    @Reference(version = "1.0.0",filter = "zipkinConsumerDubboFilter")
    public ILoginService iLoginService;
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