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mysql中统计常用聚合函数

2018-04-07  本文已影响109人  快乐的bug制造者

每一次做统计,涉及到稍微复杂点的sql去问老大,老大都会笑着说,这不都是mysql最基本的东西,你该回去给msyql补课了~~~趁清明节,搞搞!!!

mysql中什么是聚合函数?其实聚合函数还有一个定义:组函数!
在每一行集合上进行操作,对每一个组给出一个结果!

一、常用的组函数:
avg:求平均值
count:统计行的数量
max:求最大值
min:求最小值
sum:求和

注意:
1、每组函数接收一个参数
2、默认情况下,组函数忽略值为null的行,不参与计算
3、使用关键字distinct剔除字段值重复的条数

一、count函数使用demo数据

mysql> select * from salary_tab;
+--------+---------+
| userid | salary  |
+--------+---------+
|      1 | 1000.00 |
|      2 | 2000.00 |
|      3 | 3000.00 |
|      4 |    NULL |
|      5 | 1000.00 |
+--------+---------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use TENNIS
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_TENNIS  |
+-------------------+
| COMMITTEE_MEMBERS |
| MATCHES           |
| PENALTIES         |
| PLAYERS           |
| TEAMS             |
+-------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

(1)、count(*):返回表中满足where条件的行的数量

mysql> select count(*) from salary_tab where salary='1000';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        2 |
+----------+

mysql> select count(*) from salary_tab;  #没有条件,默认统计表数据行数
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        5 |
+----------+

(2)、count(列):返回列值非空的行的数量

mysql> select count(salary) from salary_tab;
+---------------+
| count(salary) |
+---------------+
|             4 |
+---------------+

(3)、count(distinct 列):返回列值非空的、并且列值不重复的行的数量

mysql> select count(distinct salary) from salary_tab;
+------------------------+
| count(distinct salary) |
+------------------------+
|                      3 |
+------------------------+

(4)、count(expr):根据表达式统计数据(to_days返回的是天数,不懂可以查下)

mysql> select * from TT;
+------+------------+
| UNIT | DATE       |
+------+------------+
| a    | 2018-04-03 |
| a    | 2017-12-12 |
| b    | 2018-01-01 |
| b    | 2018-04-03 |
| c    | 2016-06-06 |
| d    | 2018-03-03 |
+------+------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select UNIT as '单位',
    ->     COUNT(TO_DAYS(DATE)=TO_DAYS(NOW()) or null) as '今日统计',
    ->     COUNT(YEAR(DATE)=YEAR(NOW()) or null) as '今年统计'
    -> from TT
    -> group by UNIT;
+------+----------+----------+
| 单位  | 今日统计  | 今年统计  |
+------+----------+----------+
| a    |        1 |        1 |
| b    |        1 |        2 |
| c    |        0 |        0 |
| d    |        0 |        1 |
+------+----------+----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

二、max和min使用demo

mysql> select max(salary) from salary_tab;
+-------------+
| max(salary) |
+-------------+
|     3000.00 |
+-------------+

mysql> select min(salary) from salary_tab;
+-------------+
| min(salary) |
+-------------+
|     1000.00 |
+-------------+

如果统计的列中只有NULL值,那么MAX和MIN就返回NULL

三、sum和avg函数---求和与求平均

!!注意:
表中列值为null的行不参与计算

mysql> select sum(salary) from salary_tab;
+-------------+
| sum(salary) |
+-------------+
|     7000.00 |
+-------------+

mysql> select avg(salary) from salary_tab;
+-------------+
| avg(salary) |
+-------------+
| 1750.000000 |
+-------------+

mysql> select avg(ifnull(salary,0)) from salary_tab;
+-----------------------+
| avg(ifnull(salary,0)) |
+-----------------------+
|           1400.000000 |
+-----------------------+

要想列值为NULL的行也参与组函数的计算,必须使用IFNULL函数对NULL值做转换

二、SELECT分组:

1、SELECT分组的基本格式

select [聚合函数] 字段名 from 表名 [where 查询条件] [group by 字段名] [having 过滤条件]

(1)、group by子句:

根据给定列或者表达式的每一个不同的值将表中的行分成不同的组,使用组函数返回每一组的统计信息

规则:

①出现在SELECT子句中的单独的列,必须出现在GROUP BY子句中作为分组列

②分组列可以不出现在SELECT子句中

③分组列可出现在SELECT子句中的一个复合表达式中

④如果GROUP BY后面是一个复合表达式,那么在SELECT子句中,它必须整体作为一个表达式的一部分才能使用。

1)指定一个列进行分组

mysql> select salary,count(*) from salary_tab
    -> where salary>=2000
    -> group by salary;   
+---------+----------+
| salary  | count(*) |
+---------+----------+
| 2000.00 |        1 |
| 3000.00 |        1 |
+---------+----------+

2)指定多个分组列,‘大组中再分小组’

mysql> select userid,count(salary) from salary_tab
    -> where salary>=2000
    -> group by salary,userid;   
+--------+---------------+
| userid | count(salary) |
+--------+---------------+
|      2 |             1 |
|      3 |             1 |
+--------+---------------+

3)根据表达式分组

mysql> select year(payment_date),count(*)
    -> from PENALTIES
    -> group by year(payment_date);
+--------------------+----------+
| year(payment_date) | count(*) |
+--------------------+----------+
|               1980 |        3 |
|               1981 |        1 |
|               1982 |        1 |
|               1983 |        1 |
|               1984 |        2 |
+--------------------+----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

4)带有排序的分组:如果分组列和排序列相同,则可以合并group by和order by子句

mysql> select teamno,count(*)
    -> from MATCHES
    -> group by teamno
    -> order by teamno desc;
+--------+----------+
| teamno | count(*) |
+--------+----------+
|      2 |        5 |
|      1 |        8 |
+--------+----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select teamno,count(*)
    -> from MATCHES
    -> group by teamno desc;  #可以把desc(或者asc)包含到group by子句中简化
+--------+----------+
| teamno | count(*) |
+--------+----------+
|      2 |        5 |
|      1 |        8 |
+--------+----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、GROUP_CONCAT()函数

函数的值等于属于一个组的指定列的所有值,以逗号隔开,并且以字符串表示。

例1:对于每个球队,得到其编号和所有球员的编号

mysql> select teamno,group_concat(playerno)
    -> from MATCHES
    -> group by teamno;
+--------+------------------------+
| teamno | group_concat(playerno) |
+--------+------------------------+
|      1 | 6,6,6,44,83,2,57,8     |
|      2 | 27,104,112,112,8       |
+--------+------------------------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)

如果没有group by子句,group_concat返回一列的所有值

例2:得到所有的罚款编号列表

mysql> select group_concat(paymentno)
    -> from PENALTIES;
+-------------------------+
| group_concat(paymentno) |
+-------------------------+
| 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8         |
+-------------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

4、HAVING子句:对分组结果进行过滤

注意:

不能使用WHERE子句对分组后的结果进行过滤

不能在WHERE子句中使用组函数,仅用于过滤行

因为WHERE子句比GROUP BY先执行,而组函数必须在分完组之后才执行,且分完组后必须使用having子句进行结果集的过滤。

SELECT   select_expr [, select_expr ...]

   FROM  table_name

   [WHERE where_condition]

   [GROUP BY {col_name | expr} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]

[HAVING where_condition]

!!!having子语句与where子语句区别:

where子句在分组前对记录进行过滤;

having子句在分组后对记录进行过滤

mysql> select salary,count(*) from salary_tab
    -> where salary>=2000
    -> group by salary
    -> having count(*)>=0;
+---------+----------+
| salary  | count(*) |
+---------+----------+
| 2000.00 |        1 |
| 3000.00 |        1 |
+---------+----------+

1)HAVING可以单独使用而不和GROUP BY配合,如果只有HAVING子句而没有GROUP BY,表中所有的行分为一组

2)HAVING子句中可以使用组函数

3)HAVING子句中的列,要么出现在一个组函数中,要么出现在GROUP BY子句中(否则出错)

mysql> select town,count(*)
    -> from PLAYERS
    -> group by town
    -> having birth_date>'1970-01-01';
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'birth_date' in 'having clause'
mysql> select town,count(*)
    -> from PLAYERS
    -> group by town
    -> having town in ('Eltham','Midhurst');
+----------+----------+
| town     | count(*) |
+----------+----------+
| Eltham   |        2 |
| Midhurst |        1 |
+----------+----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

基本就这么多了、、、以后再补充

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