树莓派debian 12更换清华镜像源

树莓派系统安装后默认使用国外的镜像源，因为墙的原因，所以在安装模块的时候速度非常慢，因此需要将镜像源换成国内的。

系统版本

@rasp:/etc/apt $ uname -m
aarch64

@rasp:/etc/apt $ lsb_release  -a
No LSB modules are available.

Distributor ID: Debian

Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)

Release:        12

Codename:      bookworm

清华大学镜像源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/raspbian/
清华镜像源推荐aarch64参考Debian帮助

aarch64

aarch64 用户可直接参考 Debian 帮助

因此直接跳转到https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian

启用源码镜像和使用官方安全更新软件源都选择否 得到如下镜像源

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# # deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

1.备份sources.list文件

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2.打开配置sources.list文件

 sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

使用#注释掉或者删除原来的镜像源
将上面获取到的地址复制进去

Ctrl + O 然后回车确认 保存 再 Ctrl + X 退出

3.打开配置raspi.list文件（也可以备份一份）

 sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

将里面的源网址替换成清华镜像源http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/网址，其他的不动

deb http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ bookworm main

保存退出

4.控制台输入以下指令添加公钥

gpg --keyserver  keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 9165938D90FDDD2E
gpg --export --armor  9165938D90FDDD2E | sudo apt-key add -

5. 编辑镜像站后，使用命令更新

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade