主要有三个步骤：

创建 ArgumentParser() 对象
调用 add_argument() 方法添加参数
使用 parse_args() 解析添加的参数

parse = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parse.add_argument('--echo', type=int, help='not a int')
parse.add_argument('--print', type=int, help='not a int')
args = parse.parse_args()
if args.echo:
    print(args.echo**3)
if args.print:
    print(args.print**2)

更多可参考
https://www.jianshu.com/p/fef2d215b91d

1.1 基本使用

配置logging基本的设置，然后在控制台输出日志，

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level = logging.INFO,format = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")

logging.basicConfig函数各参数：

filename：指定日志文件名；

filemode：和file函数意义相同，指定日志文件的打开模式，'w'或者'a'；

format：指定输出的格式和内容，format可以输出很多有用的信息，

参数：作用

%(levelno)s：打印日志级别的数值
%(levelname)s：打印日志级别的名称
%(pathname)s：打印当前执行程序的路径，其实就是sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s：打印当前执行程序名
%(funcName)s：打印日志的当前函数
%(lineno)d：打印日志的当前行号
%(asctime)s：打印日志的时间
%(thread)d：打印线程ID
%(threadName)s：打印线程名称
%(process)d：打印进程ID
%(message)s：打印日志信息

datefmt：指定时间格式，同time.strftime()；

level：设置日志级别，默认为logging.WARNNING；

2.1 将日志写入到文件

设置logging，创建一个FileHandler，并对输出消息的格式进行设置，将其添加到logger，然后将日志写入到指定的文件中

import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(handler)

logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")

2.2 将日志同时输出到屏幕和日志文件

logger中添加StreamHandler，可以将日志输出到屏幕上

import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)

console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)

logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.addHandler(console)

logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")

2.3 日志回滚

使用RotatingFileHandler，可以实现日志回滚

import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
#定义一个RotatingFileHandler，最多备份3个日志文件，每个日志文件最大1K
rHandler = RotatingFileHandler("log.txt",maxBytes = 1*1024,backupCount = 3)
rHandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
rHandler.setFormatter(formatter)

console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
console.setFormatter(formatter)

logger.addHandler(rHandler)
logger.addHandler(console)

logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")

2.4 捕获traceback

Python中的traceback模块被用于跟踪异常返回信息，可以在logging中记录下traceback，

代码

import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)

console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)

logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.addHandler(console)

logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
try:
    open("sklearn.txt","rb")
except (SystemExit,KeyboardInterrupt):
    raise
except Exception:
    logger.error("Faild to open sklearn.txt from logger.error",exc_info = True)

logger.info("Finish")

2.5 多模块使用logging

主模块mainModule.py

import logging
import subModule
logger = logging.getLogger("mainModule")
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)

console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
console.setFormatter(formatter)

logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.addHandler(console)


logger.info("creating an instance of subModule.subModuleClass")
a = subModule.SubModuleClass()
logger.info("calling subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething")
a.doSomething()
logger.info("done with  subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething")
logger.info("calling subModule.some_function")
subModule.som_function()
logger.info("done with subModule.some_function")

子模块subModule.py

import logging

module_logger = logging.getLogger("mainModule.sub")
class SubModuleClass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.logger = logging.getLogger("mainModule.sub.module")
        self.logger.info("creating an instance in SubModuleClass")
    def doSomething(self):
        self.logger.info("do something in SubModule")
        a = []
        a.append(1)
        self.logger.debug("list a = " + str(a))
        self.logger.info("finish something in SubModuleClass")

def som_function():
    module_logger.info("call function some_function")

3.1 通过JSON文件配置

JSON配置文件

{
    "version":1,
    "disable_existing_loggers":false,
    "formatters":{
        "simple":{
            "format":"%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
        }
    },
    "handlers":{
        "console":{
            "class":"logging.StreamHandler",
            "level":"DEBUG",
            "formatter":"simple",
            "stream":"ext://sys.stdout"
        },
        "info_file_handler":{
            "class":"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "level":"INFO",
            "formatter":"simple",
            "filename":"info.log",
            "maxBytes":"10485760",
            "backupCount":20,
            "encoding":"utf8"
        },
        "error_file_handler":{
            "class":"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
            "level":"ERROR",
            "formatter":"simple",
            "filename":"errors.log",
            "maxBytes":10485760,
            "backupCount":20,
            "encoding":"utf8"
        }
    },
    "loggers":{
        "my_module":{
            "level":"ERROR",
            "handlers":["info_file_handler"],
            "propagate":"no"
        }
    },
    "root":{
        "level":"INFO",
        "handlers":["console","info_file_handler","error_file_handler"]
    }
}

通过JSON加载配置文件，然后通过logging.dictConfig配置logging

import json
import logging.config
import os

def setup_logging(default_path = "logging.json",default_level = logging.INFO,env_key = "LOG_CFG"):
    path = default_path
    value = os.getenv(env_key,None)
    if value:
        path = value
    if os.path.exists(path):
        with open(path,"r") as f:
            config = json.load(f)
            logging.config.dictConfig(config)
    else:
        logging.basicConfig(level = default_level)

def func():
    logging.info("start func")

    logging.info("exec func")

    logging.info("end func")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    setup_logging(default_path = "logging.json")
    func()

python logging模块

原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/dahu-daqing/p/7040764.html