听课笔记2：阅读技能和阅读策略培养

阅读技能与阅读策略

什么是阅读技能？什么是阅读策略？

关键英语阅读技能

1. 浏览：结合目录、标题、图片、文中小标题、段落首尾句了解篇章主旨

2. 推断：遇见生词、长难句，结合上下文语境和知识背景，推测判断语义

3. 寻读：按需跳读，有目的地寻找自己想要的具体信息

4. 精读：批注阅读，圈点标画，赏析语言、理解细节、内容意义、语篇结构、作者意图

5. 笔记：记录关键词句、重要信息和感悟

6. 提问：结合背景知识，提出困惑与质疑作者观点

7. 总结：语篇类型，语篇内容，语篇意义，思维与文化等。

课堂惯用的阅读技能与阅读策略有哪些？

预测、结合上下文猜词、看首尾句、概括大意、寻读、略读、看结构等

阅读技能

prediction, skimming, scanning, careful reading, 

retelling, summarizing, mind-mapping, 

writing after reading

教材中呈现了哪些阅读技能与阅读策略？

1. Finding the order of events (八下unit 1)

Writers describe events in a certain order, finding the order of the events will help you understand waht you are reading. 

2. Understanding parts of speech (八下unit 2)

Knowing what part of speech a word is (noun, verb, preposition...) can help you understand the word's meaning.

3. Skimming (八下unit 3)

This means looking quickly through a piece of writing to find the main idea without reading every word. It is still a good idea to read the first sentence in each paragraph a little more carefully. 

4. Guessing the meaning (八下unit 4)

When reading something for the first time. Do not worry about words you do not know. Use the context to help you guess the meaning. 

5. Reading the title and first sentences (八下unit 5)

The title can be helpful for you to understand a text, it is also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read the whole text. 

6. Finding out the text type. (八下unit 6)

Before you read, decide what kind of text it is. Is it a letter, a play or a short story or something else?

7. Scanning (八下unit 7)

This means moving your eyes quickly down the page to find specific information. 

8. Summarizing (八下unit 8)

While reading, make notes or underlined the main ideas in the text. After reading, write a short summary in your own words. This can help you better understand the text. 

9. Making notes (八下unit 9)

After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. 

10. Using previous knowledge (八下unit 10)

We can often guess what the text is about by using what we already know. Answering questions before we read can also help us do this. 

11. Using dictionaries (九unit 1)

This can help you find the definition that matches the context of the word in the text. 

12. Inferring (九unit 2)

This means you have to "read between the lines" to get meanings that are not clearly started in the text. 

13. Using suitable language (九unit 3)

In different situations, you need to choose and use suitable language based on cultural knowledge. 

14. Using context (九unit 4)

Using the sentence context may help you guess and learn the meanings of new words and phrases.

15. Moving from general to specific (九unit 5)

A general introduction of the topic is usually followed by specific details and examples. 

16. Mind-mapping (九unit 6)

Changing the information into a mind map may help you remember it more easily. 

17. Learning actively (九unit 7)

When you learn any new language, actively use it in new sentences of your own.

18. Identifying linking language (九unit 8)

Identifying conjunctions or phrases that link ideas together will help you understand waht you read. 

19. Noting supporting details (九unit 9)

Supporting details can be examples, reasons, opinions or other detailed information in each paragraph. 

20. Reviewing (九unit 10)

Taking notes or summarizing the main idea can help you move language from your short-term to long-term memory. 

21. Recognizing idioms and phrases (九unit 11)

Knowing the meanings of idioms and verb phrases can improve your English.

22. Using background knowledge (九unit 12)

Careful reading the first sentence in each paragraph can activate your own knowledge of the topic and help you guess what the whole text is about. 

23. Understanding prefixes and suffixes (九unit 13)

Recognize how prefixes and teh suffixes may change the meanings of words how they are used. 

24. Identify text type and purpose (九unit 14)

Quickly read through a test to see what kind of writing it is, who wrote it and why it was written. 

发现了什么？

很多阅读技能和策略直到大学都在强调，不断循环使用。

阅读技能和策略是依托文本形成的，两者相辅相成。

为什么要强调阅读技能和策略？是希望学生能够在不断使用中达到自动化程度，阅读理解才能更好。

这些内容就是需要由陈述性知识转化为程序性知识，让学生在阅读时能自动化运用。