Java的四种引用和回收策略

2018-12-03  本文已影响0人  Monica2333

参考:
Java Reference详解 .
这篇讲的很清楚!!理解这些引用类型 注意一点,当JVM回收时,如果有回收引用队列queue,会把回收的referent加入到回收队列中。从而可实现对象回收时的通知,进行一定的工作。如WeakHashMap(用于回收key为null的entry) , DirectByteBuffer中的cleaner(用于回收堆外内存,因为堆外内存的回收不由JVM管理。)
Java中的强引用,软引用,弱引用,虚引用有什么用?

《Effective Java》中正常是不建议使用这些引用Finalizer或者Cleaner来回收对象的,因为回收线程优先级不够高,回收不够及时,可能会导致严重的GC问题。如果想手动管理对象的回收,可以使类实现AutoCloseable接口,当需要释放对象的时候使客户端调用close方法。
弱引用的Java应用:
ThreadLocal(ThreadLocalMap.Entry中key为弱引用,这样如果key为null的话,有些方法如resize会清空entry中的value,垃圾回收的时候就会回收该entry)

 static class ThreadLocalMap {

        /**
         * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
         * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
         * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
         * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
         * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
         * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
         */
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

WeakHashMap(key为弱引用的HashMap)

软引用的Java应用:

//Class中的缓存
   private volatile transient SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;

    // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
    // that redefines this class or a superclass.
    private volatile transient int classRedefinedCount = 0;

    // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
    private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
        SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
        int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
        ReflectionData<T> rd;
        if (useCaches &&
            reflectionData != null &&
            (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
            rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
            return rd;
        }
        // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
        // -> create and replace new instance
        return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
    }

其实SoftReference和WeakReference都经常用来作为缓存来使用,不过WeakReference更容易被清除而已。

Java的守护线程参考:
从Daemons到finalize timed out after 10 seconds

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