SpringBoot--Web篇<三>
SpringBoot--Web篇<一>
SpringBoot--Web篇<二>
7. 错误处理机制
7.1 SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制
默认效果:
1)浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面
404此时可以查看浏览器发送请求的请求头:
image如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据
{
"timestamp": 1534750087344,
"status": 404,
"error": "Not Found",
"message": "No message available",
"path": "/aaa"
}
原理:
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration
: 错误处理的自动配置类;
说明:基于SpringBoot 1.5.x 源码;
给容器中添加了以下组件:
1、DefaultErrorAttributes:帮我们在页面共享信息;
//ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
}
// DefaultErrorAttributes.java
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
return errorAttributes;
}
2、BasicErrorController: 处理默认的 /error请求
//ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
this.errorViewResolvers);
}
//BasicErrorController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
////产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}
3、ErrorPageCustomizer
@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; //系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
4.、DefaultErrorViewResolver
//ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(DispatcherServlet.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public DefaultErrorViewResolver conventionErrorViewResolver() {
return new DefaultErrorViewResolver(this.applicationContext,
this.resourceProperties);
}
//DefaultErrorViewResolver.java
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;
响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
7.2 如何定制错误响应
7.2.1 如何定制错误的页面
1) 有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);
页面能获取的信息:
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
2) 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
3)以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
7.2.2 如何定制错误的json数据
1)自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
//MyExceptionHandler.java
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
return map;
}
}
2)转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
//传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
/**
* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
*/
request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
//转发到/error
return "forward:/error";
}
3)将我们的定制数据携带出去;
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes
package com.example.springboot_restcrud.component;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DefaultErrorAttributes;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 向容器中注入我们自定义的 ErrorAttributes
* @Author cyy
* @Date 2018/8/20 17:10
* @Version 1.0
* @Blog http://pccwcyy.club/wordpress/
**/
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
map.put("company","pccw");
//我们的异常处理器携带的数据
// Map<String, Object> ext = (Map<String, Object>) requestAttributes.getAttribute("ext",0);
// map.put("ext",ext);
return map;
}
}
最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容