SpringBoot--Web篇<三>

2018-08-20  本文已影响105人  i_cyy

SpringBoot--Web篇<一>
SpringBoot--Web篇<二>


7. 错误处理机制

7.1 SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

默认效果:

1)浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面

404

此时可以查看浏览器发送请求的请求头:

image

如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据

{
    "timestamp": 1534750087344,
    "status": 404,
    "error": "Not Found",
    "message": "No message available",
    "path": "/aaa"
}

原理:

​ 可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration : 错误处理的自动配置类;

​ 说明:基于SpringBoot 1.5.x 源码;

​ 给容器中添加了以下组件:

​ 1、DefaultErrorAttributes:帮我们在页面共享信息;

//ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
        return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
    }

// DefaultErrorAttributes.java
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }

​ 2、BasicErrorController: 处理默认的 /error请求

//ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
        return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
                this.errorViewResolvers);
    }

//BasicErrorController.java 
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
  
    //产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
        //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }

    ////产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }

​ 3、ErrorPageCustomizer

@Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error";  //系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)

​ 4.、DefaultErrorViewResolver

//ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java        
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnBean(DispatcherServlet.class)
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public DefaultErrorViewResolver conventionErrorViewResolver() {
            return new DefaultErrorViewResolver(this.applicationContext,
                    this.resourceProperties);
        }


//DefaultErrorViewResolver.java
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
            Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }   

​ 步骤:

​ 一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;

​ 响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
   for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
      ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
      if (modelAndView != null) {
         return modelAndView;
      }
   }
   return null;
}

7.2 如何定制错误响应

7.2.1 如何定制错误的页面

​ 1) 有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;

​ 我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);

页面能获取的信息:

                timestamp:时间戳

                status:状态码

                error:错误提示

                exception:异常对象

                message:异常消息

                errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里

​ 2) 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;

​ 3)以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;

7.2.2 如何定制错误的json数据

​ 1)自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;

//MyExceptionHandler.java
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}

​ 2)转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
         //传入我们自己的错误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
        /**
         * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
         .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
         */
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        //转发到/error
        return "forward:/error";
    }

​ 3)将我们的定制数据携带出去;

​ 出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);

​ 1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;

​ 2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;

​ 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;

自定义ErrorAttributes

package com.example.springboot_restcrud.component;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DefaultErrorAttributes;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 向容器中注入我们自定义的 ErrorAttributes
 * @Author cyy
 * @Date 2018/8/20 17:10
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Blog http://pccwcyy.club/wordpress/
 **/
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","pccw");

        //我们的异常处理器携带的数据
//        Map<String, Object> ext = (Map<String, Object>) requestAttributes.getAttribute("ext",0);
//        map.put("ext",ext);
        return map;
    }
}

最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容

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