十九、短语

短语

• 第二类演员，由两个或以上单词组成的语法单元，在句子扮演不同角色；分为名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语和独立结构
  • 名词短语在句子只做做状语，也分为四类：
    1. 名词+介词+名词 hand in hand ,step by step wo need to do this step by step.
    2. 名词+连词+名词 day and night
    3. 代词+介词+代词 one by one
    4. 数词+介词+数词 one to one , one on one Let's fight one on one.
  • 介词短语
  • 非谓语动词短语 及物动词+宾语
  • 独立结构，独立结构中的行为发出者与主句的主语不一致(针对非谓语结构而言），相互独立，有五种形式：
    1. 名词或代词+副词 The meeting over,they all went away.
    2. 名词或代词+形容词 So many people absent,the meeting had to be called off.
    3. 名词或代词+介词 The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand.
    4. 名词或代词+非谓语动词 Her glasses broken,she couldn't see.
    5. 两种特殊形式：There being +名词或代词 / It being 名词+代词 There being noting else to do ,we went home.

• 短语与组合动词、组合介词的区别：短语中至少有一个名词或代词
  • 组合动词 take care of ；be afraid
  • 组合介词 because of ;in front of
  • 短语 by doing the work
• 短语可以在句子扮演除了谓语的其他7个角色