Confounders干扰因子, Mediators中介因子 和
因果推断的三种干扰效应:Confounders, Mediators and Colliders
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举例:
confounders
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这就是著名的辛普森悖论(Simpson's paradox)
mediators
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colliders
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Maybe a more relevant example: If you find a certain correlation in a clinical sample, and you find the same correlation in a non-clinical sample, that doesn’t prove it’s real in the not-so-unlikely case that ending up in the clinical sample is a collider caused by the variables you are interested in.
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其他一些非常【奇怪】的关联性
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Reading skills of children correlate with their shoe size. Number of storks in an area correlates with birth rate. Ice cream sales correlate with deaths by drowning.
因果推断的一篇参考文章
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26430933/article/details/122468400
一个比较有意思的词:WEIRD
WEIRD
W:White
E:Educated
I:Industrialized
R:Rich
D:Democratic
这是西方心理学家常用的人群,很显然condition on很多不应该condition的条件。
写得有点粗略,后面再整合一下。贝叶斯网、假设检验等也是很值得思考的问题。后面再思考一下。