世界人口超八亿
More hardships in store as world population passes 8 billion: UN
联合国称：世界人口超 80 亿，世界将面临更多困难
The world population surged past eight billion people, the United Nations (UN) said, warning that more hardship is in store for regions already facing resource scarcity due to climate change.***
联合国称，世界人口已经超过 80 亿，并警告称那些因为气候变化已经面临资源匮乏的地区，将会面临更多的困难。
Whether it is food, water or petrol, there will be less for all as the global population adds another 2.4 billion people by the 2080s, according to UN projections.
根据联合国的预测，到 2080 年代前，全球人口将再增加 24 亿，届时，不管是食物，水，还是汽油，对于所有人来说都会更少。
Resource pressure will be especially daunting in African nations, where populations are expected to boom, experts say. These are also among the countries most vulnerable to climate impacts, and most in need of climate finance.
专家称，非洲国家的资源压力会尤其大，因为那里的人口预计将会激增。这些国家也是最容易受到气候变化影响的，它们也是最需要气候融资的地方。
Reaching eight billion people is "a sign of human success, but it's also a great risk for our future", said Mr John Wilmoth, director of the UN's population division.
达到 80 亿人口是“人类成功的一个标志，但对于我们的未来也有巨大风险”，联合国人口司司长约翰·威尔莫斯先生说道。
"African cities will, on average, grow," said Professor Deborah Balk, a demographic researcher at the City University of New York. This will leave millions more urban dwellers exposed to climate threats such as rising seas.
纽约市立大学的人口统计学研究人员德博拉·巴尔克教授说：“平均来说，非洲城市（的人口）将会增长。”这将使数以百万计的城市居民暴露在比如海平面上升的气候威胁之下。
Across the world, "the coastal zone is disproportionately urban", she said. "About one in 10 people live in the low-lying coastal zone."
她说，在世界范围内，"沿海地区的城市比例过高"。"大约十分之一的人生活在低洼的沿海地区"。
And having more people on the planet puts more pressure on nature, as people compete with wildlife for water, food and space.*** But how much they consume is equally important, suggesting policymakers can make a big difference by mandating a shift in consumption patterns.
而且地球上更多的人口也会给自然带来更多的压力，因为人们会和野生动物一起争夺水，食物和空间。但是人类消耗资源的数量也同样重要，这说明政策制定者们可以通过规定转换资源消费模式从而产生重要影响。
Humanity's impact on the natural world "has more to do with how we behave than how many we are", Mr Wilmoth said.
威尔莫斯先生说：“人类对于自然世界的影响更多地和我们的行为方式有关，而不是我们的人口数量。”
主编：啾笛、Sophia
品控：木子
审核：Sophia
重点词汇
hardship
/ˈhɑːrd.ʃɪp/
n. 艰苦，困难
英文释义：a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc.
词义辨析：hardship, difficulty
hardship 比 difficulty 更具体，强调生活上令人难以承受的艰难困苦，比如没钱、没有吃穿等等。而 difficulty 指宽泛的难题，是需要大量思考和努力才能克服的困难。
搭配短语：economic hardship（经济困难）
in store
将要发生某事，将会出现某事
例句：You never know what's in store for you.
surge
/sɝːdʒ/
v. 激增；（情感的）涌起，涌现
例句：Oil prices surged.（激增）
例句：She could feel anger surginginside her.（（情感的）涌起，涌现）
词性拓展：surge(n.)
搭配短语：a surge in cost
例句：She felt a surge of anger.
scarcity
/sker.sə.t̬i/
n. 缺乏；不足；短缺
相关词汇：scarce（adj. 不足的，缺乏的）
例句：I couldn't imagine food could become scarce nowadays.
搭配短语：make yourself scarce（（为避免令人不快的情形而）离开，溜走）
例句：I decided it was time to make myself scarce.
搭配短语：the scarcity of employment opportunities
搭配短语：a scarcity of resources / resource scarcity
projection
/prəˈdʒek.ʃən/
n. 预测，推测
相关词汇：project（n. 项目）
相关词汇：project（v. 预计，推断）
搭配短语：be projected to do sth.
例句：My total expenditure this month is projected to rise by 25%.
daunting
/ˈdɑːn.t̬ɪŋ/
adj. 吓人的，令人气馁的
相关词汇：daunt（v. 使胆怯、使失去信心）
例句：I feel daunted by the task ahead.
例句：Travelling alone seems rather daunting for a young girl.
vulnerable
/ˈvʌl.nɚ.ə.bəl/
adj. 脆弱的
英文释义：able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced or attacked
搭配短语：be vulnerable to attack
on average
基本上，大体上；平均来说
例句：On average, prices have risen 6%.（平均来说）
demographic
/ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪk/
adj. 人口的；人口学的
词根词缀：demo-（和人有关的）
相关词汇：democracy（民主）
词性拓展：demographic（n. 群体、人群）
例句：Its target listeners are in the 21-40 demographic.
dweller
/ˈdwel.ɚ/
n. 居民，居住者
相关词汇：dwell（v. 居住；栖身）
近义词：live（v. 居住）
搭配短语：dwell on / upon sth.（老是想着某事）
搭配短语：apartment dwellers（公寓的房客）
搭配短语：urban / city dwellers（城市居民）
搭配短语：rural dwellers（农村居民）
disproportionately
/ˌdɪs.prəˈpɔːr.ʃən.ət.li/
adv. 不成比例地，不相称地
相关词汇：proportion（n. 部分，份额）
例句：Water covers a large proportion of the earth's surface.
相关词汇：disproportionate（adj. 不成比例的，太大或者太小的）
例句：They have to spend a disproportionately large amount of their earnings on rent.
low-lying
/ˌloʊˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/
adj. 低的；低洼的
相关词汇：lie（v. 位于，坐落在）
例句：The town lies on the coast.
例句：Sea walls collapsed, and low-lying areas were flooded.
make a difference
有影响，产生作用
相关词汇：make no difference（没有影响）
例句：It makes no difference to me.
相关词汇：make all the difference to sb. / sth.
例句：This game makes all the difference to the team.
mandate
/ˈmæn.deɪt/
v. 正式批准，授权进行
例句：The law mandates that imported goods be identified as such.
词性拓展：mandate（n. 授权）
搭配短语：a mandate for an end to the civil war（停止内战的权力）
have sth. to do with
与……有关系
例句：Her job has something to do with English.
例句：Hard work has a lot to do with her success.
例句：In the evening, I like to read books which have nothing to do with my work.
