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SpringBoot配置Kaptcha验证码

2019-07-29  本文已影响8人  SevenLin1993

SpringBoot配置Kaptcha验证码

简介

验证码的作用其实就是通过人为操作来防止暴力破解、机器人等。

本文通过SprinBoot +Kaptcha实现图片验证码生成功能,验证码的保存一般使用缓存,可以选择使用Redis或者一些Java的缓存实现(例如,EhCache,guava cache等),如果分布式系统请使用Redis,这里简单Demo使用EhCache实现验证码缓存,具体实现如下:

Maven依赖

可以通过Spring Initializr实现初始化:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.axet</groupId>
    <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.9</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
    <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
</dependency>

启动缓存

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class EhCacheConfiguration {}

配置验证码图片生成

@Configuration
public class KaptchaConfiguration {

    /**
     * 默认生成图形验证码宽度
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_WIDTH = "100";

    /**
     * 默认生成图像验证码高度
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_HEIGHT = "40";

    /**
     * 默认生成图形验证码长度
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_LENGTH = "4";

    /**
     * 颜色,合法值: r,g,b (and optional alpha) 或者 white,black,blue.
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_COLOR_FONT = "black";

    /**
     * 图片边框
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_BORDER = "no";

    /**
     * 默认图片间隔
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_CHAR_SPACE = "5";

    /**
     * 验证码文字大小
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_FONT_SIZE = "30";

    @Bean
    public DefaultKaptcha producer() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_BORDER, DEFAULT_IMAGE_BORDER);
        properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_FONT_COLOR, DEFAULT_COLOR_FONT);
        properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_SPACE, DEFAULT_CHAR_SPACE);
        properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_IMAGE_WIDTH, DEFAULT_IMAGE_WIDTH);
        properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_IMAGE_HEIGHT, DEFAULT_IMAGE_HEIGHT);
        properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_FONT_SIZE, DEFAULT_IMAGE_FONT_SIZE);
        properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_LENGTH, DEFAULT_IMAGE_LENGTH);
        Config config = new Config(properties);
        DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha();
        defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config);
        return defaultKaptcha;
    }
}

配置Ehcache

ehcache.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd"
         updateCheck="false">

    <diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>

    <defaultCache
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="10000"
            overflowToDisk="true"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="120"
            timeToLiveSeconds="120"
            diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>

    <cache
            name="kaptcha"
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="1000"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="120"
            timeToLiveSeconds="180"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>

</ehcache>

SpringBoot application.properties 配置

spring.cache.type=ehcache
spring.cache.ehcache.config=classpath:/ehcache.xml

测试

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/kaptcha")
@Slf4j
public class KaptchaController {

    @Autowired
    private Producer producer;

    @Autowired
    private CacheManager cacheManager;

    @GetMapping("/code")
    public void generation(HttpServletResponse response) {

        String text = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(4);

        log.info("生成验证码:{}", text);

        BufferedImage image = producer.createImage(text);

        //缓存验证码
        cacheManager.getCache("kaptcha").put(text, text);

        //set content type
        response.setContentType(MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG.getType());
        try {
            FastByteArrayOutputStream os = new FastByteArrayOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", os);
            os.writeTo(response.getOutputStream());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("验证码处理失败:{}", e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new RuntimeException("验证码获取失败", e);
        }

    }
}
@SpringBootApplication
public class KaptchaDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(KaptchaDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

总结

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