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JDBC简介

2017-03-01  本文已影响136人  奋斗的老王

JDBC简介

JDBC的使用

//连接数据库的URL
  private  String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/User";
                     // jdbc协议:数据库子协议:主机:端口/连接的数据库   //

  private  String user = "root";//用户名
  private  String password = "root";//密码
 
 /**
  * 第一种方法
  *   @throws   Exception
  */
 @Test
  public  void  test1()  throws  Exception{
  //1.创建驱动程序类对象
  Driver driver =  new  com.mysql.jdbc.Driver(); //新版本
  //Driver driver = new org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver(); //旧版本
  
  //设置用户名和密码
  Properties props =  new  Properties();
  props.setProperty("user", user);
  props.setProperty("password", password);
  
  //2.连接数据库,返回连接对象
  Connection conn = driver.connect(url, props);
  System.out.println(conn);
 }

JDBC接口核心的API : java.sql.*javax.sql.*

使用Statement执行sql语句(具体使用方法)

  1. 执行DDL语句
/**
  * 执行DDL语句(创建表)
  */
 @Test
 public void test1(){
  Statement stmt = null;
  Connection conn = null;
  try {
   //1.驱动注册程序
   Class.*forName*("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
   
   //2.获取连接对象
   conn = DriverManager.*getConnection*(url, user, password);
   
   //3.创建Statement
   stmt = conn.createStatement();
   
   //4.准备sql
   String sql = "CREATE TABLE student(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,NAME VARCHAR(20),gender VARCHAR(2))";
   
   //5.发送sql语句,执行sql语句,得到返回结果
   int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

   //6.输出
   System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行!");
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   throw new RuntimeException(e);
  } finally{
   //7.关闭连接(顺序:后打开的先关闭)
   if(stmt!=null)
    try {
     stmt.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
     throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
   if(conn!=**null**)
    try {
     conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
     throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
 }
  1. 执行DML语句
/**
 * 使用Statement执行DML语句
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class Demo2 {
    private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";
    private String user = "root";
    private String password = "root";

    /**
     * 增加
     */
    @Test
    public void testInsert(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            //通过工具类获取连接对象
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //3.创建Statement对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            
            //4.sql语句
            String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES('李四','女')";
            
            //5.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            
            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally{
            //关闭资源
            /*if(stmt!=null)
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if(conn!=null)
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }*/
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 修改
     */
    @Test
    public void testUpdate(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        //模拟用户输入
        String name = "陈六";
        int id = 3;
        try {
            /*//1.注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            
            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
            //通过工具类获取连接对象
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //3.创建Statement对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            
            //4.sql语句
            String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME='"+name+"' WHERE id="+id+"";
            
            System.out.println(sql);
            
            //5.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            
            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally{
            //关闭资源
            /*if(stmt!=null)
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if(conn!=null)
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }*/
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 删除
     */
    @Test
    public void testDelete(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        //模拟用户输入
        int id = 3;
        try {
            /*//1.注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            
            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
            //通过工具类获取连接对象
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //3.创建Statement对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            
            //4.sql语句
            String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id="+id+"";
            
            System.out.println(sql);
            
            //5.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            
            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally{
            //关闭资源
            /*if(stmt!=null)
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if(conn!=null)
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }*/
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }
}
  1. 执行DQL语句
/**
 * 使用Statement执行DQL语句(查询操作)
 */
public class Demo {

 @Test
 public void test1(){
  Connection conn = null;
  Statement stmt = null;
  try{
   //获取连接
   conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
   //创建Statement
   stmt = conn.createStatement();
   //准备sql
   String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
   //执行sql
   ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
   
   //移动光标
   /*boolean flag = rs.next();
   
   flag = rs.next();
   flag = rs.next();
   if(flag){
    //取出列值
    //索引
    int id = rs.getInt(1);
    String name = rs.getString(2);
    String gender = rs.getString(3);
    System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
    
    //列名称
    int id = rs.getInt("id");
    String name = rs.getString("name");
    String gender = rs.getString("gender");
    System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
   }*/
   
   //遍历结果
   while(rs.next()){
    int id = rs.getInt("id");
    String name = rs.getString("name");
    String gender = rs.getString("gender");
    System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
   }
  }catch(Exception e){
   e.printStackTrace();
   throw new RuntimeException(e);
  } finally {
   JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
  }
 }
}
  1. 使用PreparedStatement执行sql语句
public class Demo1 {

   /**
    * 增加
    */
   @Test
   public void testInsert() {
       Connection conn = null;
       PreparedStatement stmt = null;
       try {
           //1.获取连接
           conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
           
           //2.准备预编译的sql
           String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES(?,?)"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
           
           //3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
           stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
           
           //4.设置参数值
           /**
            * 参数一: 参数位置  从1开始
            */
           stmt.setString(1, "李四");
           stmt.setString(2, "男");
           
           //5.发送参数,执行sql
           int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
           
           System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
           
       } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
       } finally {
           JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
       }
   }
   
   /**
    * 修改
    */
   @Test
   public void testUpdate() {
       Connection conn = null;
       PreparedStatement stmt = null;
       try {
           //1.获取连接
           conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
           
           //2.准备预编译的sql
           String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
           
           //3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
           stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
           
           //4.设置参数值
           /**
            * 参数一: 参数位置  从1开始
            */
           stmt.setString(1, "王五");
           stmt.setInt(2, 9);
           
           //5.发送参数,执行sql
           int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
           
           System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
           
       } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
       } finally {
           JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
       }
   }
   
   /**
    * 删除
    */
   @Test
   public void testDelete() {
       Connection conn = null;
       PreparedStatement stmt = null;
       try {
           //1.获取连接
           conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
           
           //2.准备预编译的sql
           String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
           
           //3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
           stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
           
           //4.设置参数值
           /**
            * 参数一: 参数位置  从1开始
            */
           stmt.setInt(1, 9);
           
           //5.发送参数,执行sql
           int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
           
           System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
           
       } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
       } finally {
           JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
       }
   }
   
   /**
    * 查询
    */
   @Test
   public void testQuery() {
       Connection conn = null;
       PreparedStatement stmt = null;
       ResultSet rs = null;
       try {
           //1.获取连接
           conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
           
           //2.准备预编译的sql
           String sql = "SELECT * FROM student"; 
           
           //3.预编译
           stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
           
           //4.执行sql
           rs = stmt.executeQuery();
           
           //5.遍历rs
           while(rs.next()){
               int id = rs.getInt("id");
               String name = rs.getString("name");
               String gender = rs.getString("gender");
               System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
           }
           
       } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
       } finally {
           //关闭资源
           JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt,rs);
       }
   }
}
  1. PreparedStatement 与 Statment ( 推荐使用PreparedStatement)

  2. 语法不同 : PreparedStatement可以使用预编译的sql,而Statment只能使用静态的sql

  3. 效率不同 : PreparedStatement可以使用sql缓存区,效率比Statment高

  4. 安全性不同 : PreparedStatement可以有效防止sql注入,而Statment不能防止sql注入

  5. CallableStatement执行存储过程

/**
 * 使用CablleStatement调用存储过程
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class Demo1 {

    /**
     * 调用带有输入参数的存储过程
     * CALL pro_findById(4);
     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Connection conn = null;
        CallableStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //准备sql
            String sql = "CALL pro_findById(?)"; //可以执行预编译的sql
            
            //预编译
            stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
            
            //设置输入参数
            stmt.setInt(1, 6);
            
            //发送参数
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(); //注意: 所有调用存储过程的sql语句都是使用executeQuery方法执行!!!
            
            //遍历结果
            while(rs.next()){
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String gender = rs.getString("gender");
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 执行带有输出参数的存储过程
     * CALL pro_findById2(5,@NAME);
     */
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        Connection conn = null;
        CallableStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            //准备sql
            String sql = "CALL pro_findById2(?,?)"; //第一个?是输入参数,第二个?是输出参数
            
            //预编译
            stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
            
            //设置输入参数
            stmt.setInt(1, 6);
            //设置输出参数(注册输出参数)
            /**
             * 参数一: 参数位置
             * 参数二: 存储过程中的输出参数的jdbc类型    VARCHAR(20)
             */
            stmt.registerOutParameter(2, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR);
            
            //发送参数,执行
            stmt.executeQuery(); //结果不是返回到结果集中,而是返回到输出参数中
            
            //得到输出参数的值
            /**
             * 索引值: 预编译sql中的输出参数的位置
             */
            String result = stmt.getString(2); //getXX方法专门用于获取存储过程中的输出参数
            
            System.out.println(result);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs);
        }
    }
}
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