2018 iOS面试题---算法相关

2019-08-14  本文已影响0人  luonaerduo

一、字符串反转
给定字符串 "hello,world",实现将其反转。输出结果:dlrow,olleh

- (void)charReverse
{
    NSString * string = @"hello,world";

    NSLog(@"%@",string);

    NSMutableString * reverString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:string];

    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < (string.length + 1)/2; i++) {

        [reverString replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1) withString:[string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(string.length - i - 1, 1)]];

        [reverString replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(string.length - i - 1, 1) withString:[string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)]];
    }

    NSLog(@"reverString:%@",reverString);

    //C
    char ch[100];

    memcpy(ch, [string cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding], [string length]);

   //设置两个指针,一个指向字符串开头,一个指向字符串末尾
    char * begin = ch;

    char * end = ch + strlen(ch) - 1;

//遍历字符数组,逐步交换两个指针所指向的内容,同时移动指针到对应的下个位置,直至begin>=end 
    while (begin < end) {

        char temp = *begin;

        *(begin++) = *end;

        *(end--) = temp;
    }

    NSLog(@"reverseChar[]:%s",ch);
}

二、链表反转
反转前:1->2->3->4->NULL
反转后:4->3->2->1->NULL

/**  定义一个链表  */
struct Node {

    NSInteger data;

    struct Node * next;
};

- (void)listReverse
{
    struct Node * p = [self constructList];

    [self printList:p];

    //反转后的链表头部
    struct Node * newH = NULL;
    //头插法
    while (p != NULL) {

        //记录下一个结点
        struct Node * temp = p->next;
        //当前结点的next指向新链表的头部
        p->next = newH;
        //更改新链表头部为当前结点
        newH = p;
        //移动p到下一个结点
        p = temp;
    }

    [self printList:newH];
}
/**
 打印链表

 @param head 给定链表
 */
- (void)printList:(struct Node *)head
{
    struct Node * temp = head;

    printf("list is : ");

    while (temp != NULL) {

        printf("%zd ",temp->data);

        temp = temp->next;
    }

    printf("\n");
}

/**  构造链表  */
- (struct Node *)constructList
{
    //头结点
    struct Node *head = NULL;
    //尾结点
    struct Node *cur = NULL;

    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

        struct Node *node = malloc(sizeof(struct Node));

        node->data = i;

        //头结点为空,新结点即为头结点
        if (head == NULL) {

            head = node;

        }else{
            //当前结点的next为尾结点
            cur->next = node;
        }

        //设置当前结点为新结点
        cur = node;
    }

    return head;
}

三、有序数组合并
将有序数组 {1,4,6,7,9} 和 {2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12} 合并为
{1,2,3,4,5,6,6,7,8,9,9,10,11,12}

- (void)orderListMerge
{
    int aLen = 5,bLen = 9;

    int a[] = {1,4,6,7,9};

    int b[] = {2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12};

    [self printList:a length:aLen];

    [self printList:b length:bLen];

    int result[14];

    int p = 0,q = 0,i = 0;//p和q分别为a和b的下标,i为合并结果数组的下标

    //任一数组没有达到s边界则进行遍历
    while (p < aLen && q < bLen) {

        //如果a数组对应位置的值小于b数组对应位置的值,则存储a数组的值,并移动a数组的下标与合并结果数组的下标
        if (a[p] < b[q]) result[i++] = a[p++];

        //否则存储b数组的值,并移动b数组的下标与合并结果数组的下标
        else result[i++] = b[q++];
    }

    //如果a数组有剩余,将a数组剩余部分拼接到合并结果数组的后面
    while (++p < aLen) {

        result[i++] = a[p];
    }

    //如果b数组有剩余,将b数组剩余部分拼接到合并结果数组的后面
    while (q < bLen) {

        result[i++] = b[q++];
    }

    [self printList:result length:aLen + bLen];
}
- (void)printList:(int [])list length:(int)length
{
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {

        printf("%d ",list[i]);
    }

    printf("\n");
}

四、HASH算法

- (void)hashTest
{
    NSString * testString = @"hhaabccdeef";

    char testCh[100];

    memcpy(testCh, [testString cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding], [testString length]);

    int list[256];

    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {

        list[i] = 0;
    }

    char *p = testCh;

    char result = '\0';

    while (*p != result) {

        list[*(p++)]++;
    }

    p = testCh;

    while (*p != result) {

        if (list[*p] == 1) {

            result = *p;

            break;
        }

        p++;
    }

    printf("result:%c",result);
}

五、查找两个子视图的共同父视图
思路:分别记录两个子视图的所有父视图并保存到数组中,然后倒序寻找,直至找到第一个不一样的父视图。

- (void)findCommonSuperViews:(UIView *)view1 view2:(UIView *)view2
{
    NSArray * superViews1 = [self findSuperViews:view1];

    NSArray * superViews2 = [self findSuperViews:view2];

    NSMutableArray * resultArray = [NSMutableArray array];

    int i = 0;

    while (i < MIN(superViews1.count, superViews2.count)) {

        UIView *super1 = superViews1[superViews1.count - i - 1];

        UIView *super2 = superViews2[superViews2.count - i - 1];

        if (super1 == super2) {

            [resultArray addObject:super1];

            i++;

        }else{

            break;
        }
    }

    NSLog(@"resultArray:%@",resultArray);

}
- (NSArray <UIView *>*)findSuperViews:(UIView *)view
{
    UIView * temp = view.superview;

    NSMutableArray * result = [NSMutableArray array];

    while (temp) {

        [result addObject:temp];

        temp = temp.superview;
    }

    return result;
}

六、求无序数组中的中位数
中位数:当数组个数n为奇数时,为(n + 1)/2,即是最中间那个数字;当n为偶数时,为(n/2 + (n/2 + 1))/2,即是中间两个数字的平均数。
首先要先去了解一些几种排序算法:iOS排序算法
思路:

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