基于Springboot实现Java Web项目的国际化

2019-10-09  本文已影响0人  断翅绝尘

说明

本文旨在讲解基于Springboot实现国际化的方法,对于前后端分离的架构并不适用(因为前后端分离一般在前端实现国际化),用于Java后端初学者学习使用。

环境

Springboot:2.1.5.RELEASE

Jdk:1.8.0_211

pom.xml

引入web和freemarker的starter包即可:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.yuhuan</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

application.yml

主要是配置服务器端口、国际化文件路径、freemarker视图文件路径及后缀配置:

server:
  port: 8090
spring:
  messages:
    basename: static/i18n/messages
  freemarker:
    request-context-attribute: req
    suffix: .html
    content-type: text/html
    enabled: true
    cache: false
    template-loader-path: classpath:/templates/
    charset: UTF-8

login.html

示例页面,用于展示国际化效果:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="loginForm">
    <input id="type" type="hidden" name="type" value="1">
    <table>
        <tr>
            <td>${username}:</td>
            <td><input id="userName" name="userName" title="userName"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>${password}:</td>
            <td><input id="password" type="password" name="password" title="password">              </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>
                <input type="button" value="参数绑定型提交" onclick="login(1)">
            </td>
            <td>
                <input type="button" value="容易造成SQL注入提交" onclick="login(2)">
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

WebMvcConfig

用于配置国际化默认语言环境及利用拦截器拦截参数“lang”从而达到随时切换语言环境的目的:

package com.yuhuan.demo.config;

import com.yuhuan.demo.common.GlobalConstants;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver;

import java.util.Locale;

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * 默认解析器 其中locale表示默认语言
     */
    @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
        SessionLocaleResolver localeResolver = new SessionLocaleResolver();
        localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE);
        return localeResolver;
    }

    @Bean
    public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor() {
        LocaleChangeInterceptor lci = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();
        /**
        * 通过拦截lang参数切换语言环境
        */
        lci.setParamName("lang");
        return lci;
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(localeChangeInterceptor());
    }

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/"); 
    }
}

UserController

响应请求,跳转页面:

package com.yuhuan.demo.controller;

import com.yuhuan.demo.common.ResultData;
import com.yuhuan.demo.entity.User;
import com.yuhuan.demo.service.UserService;
import com.yuhuan.demo.service.I18nService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class UserController {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @Autowired
    private I18nService i18nService;

    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String login(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("username", i18nService.get("login.username"));
        model.addAttribute("password", i18nService.get("login.password"));
        return "login";
    }

}

国际化描述文件

\demo\src\main\resources\static目录下创建i18n文件夹,并创建以下几个文件:

messages.properties

#default 这个文件可以为空

messages_zh_CN.properties

中文环境文案:

login.username=用户名
login.password=密码

messages_en_US.properties

欧式英语文案:

login.username=username
login.password=password

messages_zh_TW.properties

繁体中文文案:

login.username=用戶名
login.password=密碼

效果

默认效果

访问:http://localhost:8090/index,效果如下:

1560941225792.png

​ 由于我们在WebConfig中已经设置了默认的语言环境为简体中文,因此默认情况下和访问http://localhost:8090/index?lang=zh_CN下过一致。

欧式英语

访问:http://localhost:8090/index?lang=en_US,效果如下:

1560941416780.png

可以看到页面相应文案已经自动切换为英语了。

繁体中文

访问:http://localhost:8090/index?lang=zh_TW,效果如下:

1560941529939.png

总结

​ 在Java Web项目中实现国际化的主要步骤如上所述,希望对读者有用!

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