ELK日志分析平台

ELK架构图例

flowchart LR
subgraph Z1[web cluster]
  subgraph web1
    H1([apache]) --> F1([filebeat])
  end
  subgraph web2
    H2([apache]) --> F2([filebeat])
  end
  subgraph web3
    H3([apache]) --> F3([filebeat])
  end
end
subgraph Z2[Logstash]
  F1 & F2 & F3 --> A1{input} --> A2{filter} --> A3{output}
end
subgraph Z3[ES Cluster]
  ES1([Elasticsearch]);ES2([Elasticsearch]);ES3([Elasticsearch]);ES4([Elasticsearch]);ES5([Elasticsearch])
end
A3 --> ES1 & ES2 & ES3 & ES4 & ES5
ES1 & ES2 & ES3 & ES4 & ES5 --> K((kibana))
classDef WEB color:#ff0000,fill:#99ff99
class web1,web2,web3 WEB
classDef ZONE fill:#ffffc0,color:#ff00ff
class Z1,Z2,Z3 ZONE

logstash安装

购买云主机

主机	IP地址	配置
logstash	192.168.1.47	最低配置2核2G

logstash云主机安装

[root@logstash ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.41    es-0001
192.168.1.42    es-0002
192.168.1.43    es-0003
192.168.1.44    es-0004
192.168.1.45    es-0005
192.168.1.47    logstash
[root@logstash ~]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk logstash

基础配置样例

[root@logstash ~]# ln -s /etc/logstash /usr/share/logstash/config
[root@logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/my.conf
input { 
  stdin {}
}

filter{ }

output{ 
  stdout{}
}
[root@logstash ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash

插件与调试格式

使用json格式字符串测试 {"a":"1", "b":"2", "c":"3"}

[root@logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/my.conf
input { 
  stdin { codec => "json" }
}

filter{ }

output{ 
  stdout{ codec => "rubydebug" }
}
[root@logstash ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash

官方手册地址

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/index.html

input file插件

[root@logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/my.conf
input { 
  file {
    path => ["/tmp/c.log"]
    type => "test"
    start_position => "beginning"
    sincedb_path => "/var/lib/logstash/sincedb"
  }
}
filter{ }
output{ 
  stdout{ codec => "rubydebug" }
}
[root@logstash ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/logstash/plugins/inputs/file/.sincedb_*
[root@logstash ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash

filter grok插件

正则表达式分组匹配格式: (?<名字>正则表达式)

正则表达式宏调用格式: %{宏名称:名字}

宏文件路径

/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns

[root@logstash ~]# echo '192.168.1.252 - - [29/Jul/2020:14:06:57 +0800] "GET /info.html HTTP/1.1" 200 119 "-" "curl/7.29.0"' >/tmp/c.log
[root@logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/my.conf
input { 
  file {
    path => ["/tmp/c.log"]
    type => "test"
    start_position => "beginning"
    sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
  }
}
filter{ 
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}" }
  }
}
output{ 
  stdout{ codec => "rubydebug" }
}
[root@logstash ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash

output elasticsearch插件

[root@logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/my.conf
input { 
  file {
    path => ["/tmp/c.log"]
    type => "test"
    start_position => "beginning"
    sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
  }
}
filter{ 
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}" }
  }
}
output{ 
  stdout{ codec => "rubydebug" }
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["es-0004:9200", "es-0005:9200"]
    index => "weblog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
[root@logstash ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash

浏览器打开 head 插件，通过 web 页面浏览验证
http://公网IP:9200/_plugin/head/

filebeat配置

logstash beats插件

[root@logstash ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/my.conf
input { 
  stdin { codec => "json" }
  file{
    path => ["/tmp/c.log"]
    type => "test"
    start_position => "beginning"
    sincedb_path => "/var/lib/logstash/sincedb"
  }
  beats {
    port => 5044
  }
} 

filter{ 
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}" }
  }
} 

output{ 
  stdout{ codec => "rubydebug" }
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["es-0004:9200", "es-0005:9200"]
    index => "weblog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
[root@logstash ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash

web服务安装filebeat

[root@web ~]# yum install -y filebeat
[root@web ~]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
24:  enabled: true
28:  - /var/log/httpd/access_log
45:    fields: 
46:       my_type: apache
148, 150 注释掉
161: output.logstash:
163:   hosts: ["192.168.1.47:5044"]
180, 181, 182 注释掉
[root@web ~]# grep -Pv "^\s*(#|$)" /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
[root@web ~]# systemctl enable --now filebeat

网站日志分析实战

1、停止 kibana 服务

[root@kibana ~]# systemctl stop kibana

2、清空 elasticsearch 中所有数据

[root@kibana ~]# curl -XDELETE http://es-0001:9200/*

访问 web 页面，浏览器打开 head 插件，通过 web 页面浏览验证

3、配置 web 日志，获取用户真实IP
通过 ELB 把 web 服务发布公网
https://support.huaweicloud.com/elb_faq/elb_faq_0090.html

4、配置 filebeat
详见配置文件 filebeat.yml
重启服务

[root@web ~]# systemctl restart filebeat

5、配置 logstash
详见配置文件 logstash.conf
启动服务

[root@logstash ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash

6、配置 kibana
启动服务，通过web页面配置 kibana

[root@kibana ~]# systemctl start kibana

常见错误

使用通配符删除报错

[root@es-0001 ~]# curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/*
{"error":{"root_cause":[{"type":"illegal_argument_exception","reason":"Wildcard expressions or all indices are not allowed"}],"type":"illegal_argument_exception","reason":"Wildcard expressions or all indices are not allowed"},"status":400}
# 由于设置了destructive_requires_name 参数，不允许使用通配符
# 查看及解决方式
[root@es-0001 ~]# curl -XGET http://es-0001:9200/_cluster/settings?pretty
{
  "persistent" : {
    "action" : {
      "destructive_requires_name" : "true"
    }
  },
  "transient" : { }
}
[root@es-0001 ~]# curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/_cluster/settings -d '
{
  "persistent": {
      "action": {
        "destructive_requires_name": "false"
      }
   }
}'
[root@es-0001 ~]# curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/*
{"acknowledged":true}