笃学奖-Topic 2-A13214-甘比精读
Day 4 词汇梳理
词（组）梳理分三类：①看文章时不影响理解的，但是不会用在输出的表达；看文章时影响理解的/不熟悉该词（组）这类语义用法的表达，②想积累为active词，会输出；③积累为passive，做到认知即可。（以下标题简写）
一、认知转active
1.level
make level or straight 使平等；使同等；使相等；消除(差别)；
leveling the paying field 创造公平支付环境
...tolevelthe ranks of society /Lovelevelsall people.
levelling the playing fields 把（橄榄球赛场的）场地弄平整→创造公平的比赛环境
2.disruption
颠覆，（行业的）巨变
基本释义：When there isdisruptionof an event, system, or process, it is prevented from continuing or operating in a normal way. 妨碍; 扰乱
Northern Rail said it would seek to minimisedisruptionfor customers if strike action went ahead.
marketdisruption[经] 市场瓦解；市场干扰
3.kick-start (competition)
v.& n. 以额外的努力或行为来开始一种事业或程序
4.explicit consent (n.&v.: [kən'sent])
明确同意
5.licensed (financial-services providers)
If you'relicensed, you have official approval to do something, like drive, fly a plane, or be a physical-therapist assistant.
SYN.:accredited,authorised
6.become more integrated into
更好地融入/与……结合
7.tighten up
to make a rule, law, or system more strict (使)更严格；加强
8.wave through a transaction
完成一笔交易
其它释义：给……带来一波冲击/发出警告，在……引起轩然大波
send a shock wave through...
9.sophisticated credit checks
复杂的信用审查
10.block (competition)
to stop something happening, developing, or succeeding 此处是“妨碍竞争”
11.(the changes) proposed in...
put forward
个人理解为在PSD2中提出的改变
12.funding costs
集资成本
二、不认识转active
1.shake up
change the arrangement or position of
Whichever way he goes, it willshakeupthe balance of power in the music industry.
2.predetermined
set in advance
...at a predetermined time
3.dire (warnings)
causing fear or dread or terror
SYN.:awful,direful,dread,dreaded,dreadful,fearful,fearsome,frightening,horrific,terrible
in dire need of 急需
4.mortgage ['mɔːgɪdʒ]
A mortgageis a loan of money which you get from a bank or savings and loan association in order to buy a house. 房屋抵押贷款
5.overdrawn
If you areoverdrawnor if your bank account isoverdrawn, you have spent more money than you have in your account, and so you are in debt to the bank. 透支的
He was $500overdrawn.他透支了500元。
6.unscathed [ʌn'skeɪðd]
not injured physically or mentally
SYN.:unharmed,unhurt,whole,uninjured
Foreign mining companies that have powered an economic emergence in Mali so far appear relativelyunscathed.
7.conspicuously
in a prominent way 显著地，明显地；超群地，惹人注目地
8.resilient [rɪ'zɪlɪənt]
recovering readily from adversity, depression, or the like 迅速恢复活力的；迅速恢复精神的；心情愉快的；适应性强的
We need to make our cities more connected and moreresilient tothe challenges we face.
9.be watered down
被冲淡、淡化
10.bare their teeth
露出了獠牙
In the August confrontation over Georgia, the Russian Bear showed it will not hesitate tobare its teethand claws when it wants dominance.
在八月对格鲁吉亚采取军事行动后，俄罗斯这只大熊表明当他想要统治一方时，会毫不犹豫，张牙舞爪翻脸就不认人。
11.ruled that
When someone in authorityrulesthat something is true or should happen, they state that they have officially decided that it is true or should happen. 裁定
The courtruled thatlaws passed by the assembly remained valid.
该法庭裁定由议会通过的法律仍然有效。
三、不认识转passive
1.cumbersome
difficult to handle or use especially because of size or weight 难处理的
2.lockhold
牢牢掌握
3.dumb pipe
stupid
dump pipe 根据群内讨论，是指如果fintech也有银行这样的数据，就可以取代银行之前可以用这些数据提供的业务，银行变得很只是储蓄的渠道。
4.stress-testing
Stress testing is a software testing activity that determines the robustness of software by testing beyond the limits of normal operation. Stress testing is particularly important for "mission critical" software, but is used for all types of software.压力测试
5.move current accounts
更改他们的现金账户
6.entrants
Anentrantis a person or company who has recently become a member of an institution or market. 新成员
...the company that made a name for itself as an earlyentrantin the digital video-recorder market.
…这个以数码录像机市场的早期进入者而享有名气的公司。
Day 5 逻辑导图+神句翻译
by 雷七一
神句：
（注：粗体为值得内化的表达；译文斜体为存疑；引用部分为查词时找到的补充/笃师注释。）
1.New European payments regulation has the potential toshake up the banks.
欧洲关于支付的新规很有可能对银行业带来冲击。
新出台的欧洲支付法规...
2.European rules willopen the door to a host of innovative servicesthat analyze transactions.
欧洲新规会给很多分析交易的新型服务大开方便之门。
...相关的创新服务带来更多机遇。
to give someone new opportunities
(sometimes + for )Thesuccess of that film opened new doors for him.
(sometimes + to )Early results show that the new system would open doors to disadvantaged people.
3.Customersneedbarely everinteract with their bank.
（这样一来）顾客就几乎不用和他们的银行打交道了。
...不需要通过银行。
4.Europeanretail banking has beenremarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
欧洲零售银行业在这场由技术引发的混战中毫发无伤。
技术带来的变革对欧洲零售银行业产生的影响微乎其微。
欧洲零售银行业几乎并没有受到技术变革的影响。
Retail banking in Britain will probably becomea lot moreborig,quite a bit saferandsomewhat lessprofitable. ——经济学人-国际（somewhat 可以译作 “从某种意义上来说”）
5.Fintechcompanies are beginning tomount a challenge, mostconspicuouslyin the online-payments industry in northernEurope. But theirreach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
金融科技类公司将对很多行业构成挑战，尤其是对北欧的线上支付业。但在欧洲其它地区，它们的影响力就更为有限了。
（存疑：不确定译作“更为有限”是否妥当。好像会显得Fintech在之前提及的行业的影响力也不大的感觉。）
...但对欧洲其他地区的影响则要小得多。
influence：
Their clout will continue to be limited: they cannot speak or vote. 他们的影响力依旧有限：没有发言权和选举权。——经济学人-国际
Victory is now out of her reach. （理所不能及）/The company has nowovertaken IBM in terms of size and reach./Such matters are beyond the reach ofthe law.
6.Regulators, however, are about totransform the landscape.
然而，监管者正要改变这一局面。
【普遍】A landscape is all the features that are important in a particualr situation.社会形势和政治局面
Recent electoralshocks have shaken the European political landscape. 最近的选举风波震动了欧洲政坛。
（踏足政界、政坛：enter into politics）
7.Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
银行对于支付的牢牢掌控使之成为了一项便捷的收入来源。
...使得银行轻而易举就能赚钱
补充：come in handy 迟早有用
Eg. Always keep a first-aid kit handy.跟前要常备急救箱handy little tool 好用小工具
8.Resistance ismanifested asa concern about data protection. Suchconcerns are legitimatebut also, argue fintech supporters,offer a convenient excuse forbanks toblock competition.
反对会体现在对于数据安全性的担忧上。但金融科技的支持者也表示，这类担忧虽然合乎情理，但也为银行阻碍竞争提供了一个绝佳的借口。
抗拒源自对数据保护的担忧...支持者们认为，这也是银行抵制竞争的绝佳借口。
9.Yetfor all their complaints, customersstilltrust banks with their money.
顾客再怨声载道，还是会一如既往地信赖银行。
...依然更信任把钱放在银行。
Forall表示尽管，虽然，等于despite.
Eg. For all its clarity of style, the book is not easy to read.
神词组:
become overdrawn:透支
nudge them to save more:说服他们省更多的钱（存疑：此处不确定取“说服”之意还是“轻推”：让他们省下...）
鼓励他们增加储蓄
have easy access to:很方便、轻易就能（拿到、获取）
便于……
kick-start competition:推动竞争
引发竞争
give explicit consent：明确同意（某事）
one-click bank transfer:一键（银行）转账
low-value payments:小额支付
tighten up security:加强安全性
guide them toward:引导他们去（使用）、推荐他们（使用）
rich data:丰富/大量的（信用）数据
leave them in a weaker position:使它们处于不利/弱势的地位；对它们产生消极的影响
robust data-protection system:足够安全/值得信赖的数据保护系统
insured against losses from fraud:对欺诈损失投保
perfect on paper:看起来很不错、靠谱
理论完美！暗示实际操作起来可能困难重重
team up with:与...合作
exploit newcomers technology:利用新公司的技术
Day 6 总结反思
词句部分的修正已直接在Day4-5部分作出注释。其实自己感觉，这次的翻译任务在“语言脱壳”方面做的还算可以……的吧（哈哈哈打一半半突然怂，是说和之前对自己的认知比啦）。有误译或是其它问题的话，大多都是因为对那个表达本身的不理解，所以好好积累吧~
在加强了对文章首尾段、段落首尾句的重视后，Topic 2的把握较之Topic 1有了小进步：Topic 1的时候脑内的主旨（即便是在完成了思维导图之后）缺少了“很可能会把亚马逊推向政府”这个信息点。这次的任务里，内化的主旨和框架没有再出现这样严重的问题。但听笃师讲解最后一段的时候，发现自己没有把PSD2当作本文的三大主体之一。
这次的任务不像上次有小标题，并且确实感觉内容比较细，所以思维导图的信息点提炼的更多，也是想要辅助自己理解。但正如笃师说的那样，需要跳脱开来看整体，“保持一定距离”。更为宏观地看文章，会发现，虽然只是多提出一项“PSD2”作为主体（而不是仅仅作为段首的在“对银行的抱怨”和“新规新服务”中的连接；和散落在部分段落的信息点），但文章整体的感觉都明朗了许多。
所以，之后除了多使用“阅读前用首尾段把握大意”这个技能点外，还会在文章的生词句梳理、思维导图完成后，“再‘站开’重看首尾段”——概括主旨的同时也提取文章主体，更帮助理解和内化文章内容。
碎碎念：
踏实地做每天的内容，把之前放飞自我丢掉的状态默默养回来了哈哈~甚至做了更多，因为还加大了每周其它书籍的阅读量。把思维导图和精读班的其它技巧搬到室内设计类和西洋艺术史方面的书也同样适用~不会因为信息量大而读得很迷糊，回顾、做思维导图后可以接着一路process下去~
进一步有一步的欢喜吧~不要辜负一直以来的幸运，沉浸下来、提升自己。
