Using Miniconda Python

Miniconda 是一个轻量级的 Anaconda 版本，它是 Anaconda 的一个最小安装，仅包含 Conda 包管理器和 Python 解释器。

功能类似 pipenv，方便使用不同版本的 python，学习成本也比较低。

安装

Miniconda — miniconda documentation

conda on WSL （官方文档安装在了用户家目录下 ~/miniconda3, 我安装在了 /opt/miniconda3 目录下）

$ sudo mkdir -p /opt/miniconda3
$ cd /opt
$ wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ./miniconda3/miniconda.sh
$ bash ./miniconda3/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ./miniconda3
PREFIX=/opt/miniconda3
Unpacking payload ...

Installing base environment...


Downloading and Extracting Packages


Downloading and Extracting Packages

Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
installation finished.
$ /opt/miniconda3/bin/conda init zsh
no change     /opt/miniconda3/condabin/conda
no change     /opt/miniconda3/bin/conda
no change     /opt/miniconda3/bin/conda-env
no change     /opt/miniconda3/bin/activate
no change     /opt/miniconda3/bin/deactivate
no change     /opt/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change     /opt/miniconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change     /opt/miniconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change     /opt/miniconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change     /opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change     /opt/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified      /home/edaizen/.zshrc

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

重新登录WSL，检查conda 安装的版本

$ conda --version
conda 23.10.0
(base)
$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /opt/miniconda3

(base)

Creating Conda Environments

核心命令

conda create -n <env_name> python=<version>

例子，python=3.10以上

$ conda create -n chatglm3-demo python=3.10
Channels:
 - defaults
Platform: linux-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo

  added / updated specs:
    - python=3.10


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    pip-23.3                   |  py310h06a4308_0         2.7 MB
    python-3.10.13             |       h955ad1f_0        26.8 MB
    setuptools-68.0.0          |  py310h06a4308_0         936 KB
    wheel-0.41.2               |  py310h06a4308_0         109 KB
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        30.5 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  _libgcc_mutex      pkgs/main/linux-64::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main
  _openmp_mutex      pkgs/main/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu
  bzip2              pkgs/main/linux-64::bzip2-1.0.8-h7b6447c_0
  ca-certificates    pkgs/main/linux-64::ca-certificates-2023.08.22-h06a4308_0
  ld_impl_linux-64   pkgs/main/linux-64::ld_impl_linux-64-2.38-h1181459_1
  libffi             pkgs/main/linux-64::libffi-3.4.4-h6a678d5_0
  libgcc-ng          pkgs/main/linux-64::libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
  libgomp            pkgs/main/linux-64::libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1
  libstdcxx-ng       pkgs/main/linux-64::libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
  libuuid            pkgs/main/linux-64::libuuid-1.41.5-h5eee18b_0
  ncurses            pkgs/main/linux-64::ncurses-6.4-h6a678d5_0
  openssl            pkgs/main/linux-64::openssl-3.0.12-h7f8727e_0
  pip                pkgs/main/linux-64::pip-23.3-py310h06a4308_0
  python             pkgs/main/linux-64::python-3.10.13-h955ad1f_0
  readline           pkgs/main/linux-64::readline-8.2-h5eee18b_0
  setuptools         pkgs/main/linux-64::setuptools-68.0.0-py310h06a4308_0
  sqlite             pkgs/main/linux-64::sqlite-3.41.2-h5eee18b_0
  tk                 pkgs/main/linux-64::tk-8.6.12-h1ccaba5_0
  tzdata             pkgs/main/noarch::tzdata-2023c-h04d1e81_0
  wheel              pkgs/main/linux-64::wheel-0.41.2-py310h06a4308_0
  xz                 pkgs/main/linux-64::xz-5.4.2-h5eee18b_0
  zlib               pkgs/main/linux-64::zlib-1.2.13-h5eee18b_0


Proceed ([y]/n)? y


Downloading and Extracting Packages:

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate chatglm3-demo
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

(base)

验证

检查不同环境下的 python 版本。

$ which python
/usr/bin/python    # 系统自带版本
$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                     /opt/miniconda3
chatglm3-demo            /opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo


$ conda activate chatglm3-demo
(chatglm3-demo)
$ python --version
Python 3.10.13
(chatglm3-demo)
$ which python
/opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo/bin/python
(chatglm3-demo)



$ conda activate base
(base)
$ python --version
Python 3.11.5
(base)
$ which python
/opt/miniconda3/bin/python
(base)

$ conda deactivate  # 退出 base 环境，退到了上一个环境 chatglm3-demo
(chatglm3-demo)
$ conda deactivate  # 再来一次， 从 base 环境退出，回到了没有 conda 配置的环境

# 删除一个环境
$ conda env remove -n chatglm3-demo

Remove all packages in environment /opt/miniconda3/envs/chatglm3-demo:

Useful Miniconda Commands¶

Obtain help on using conda with conda -h or `conda -h.

$ conda config ⟸ Creates a ~/.condarc file the first time it is run.
$ conda config --show-sources ⟸ Shows the channels that provide the packages.
$ conda info ⟸ Display information about current conda install.
$ conda env list ⟸ Lists your conda environments.
$ conda list ⟸ Lists installed Python modules.
$ conda list --export ⟸ Save package list for future use.
$ conda clean -all ⟸ Remove cache files.