Java负载均衡简介及快速入门并实战（有源码）
2022-12-27 本文已影响0人
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Java负载均衡是什么？
将负载（工作任务，访问请求）进行分摊到多个操作单元（服务器，组件）上执行
服务端：服务提供端，比如nginx负载均衡 客户端：服务请求方，在发送请求之前已经选好了由哪个实例处理请求。
Spring Cloud Ribbon 是 Netflix Ribbon 实现的一套客户端 负载均衡工具
ribbon：Ribbon是Netflix开发客户端负载均衡器，基于某种负载均衡服务消费者去请求提供者。
springcloud提供负载均衡的组件，用注解来完成
定义：负载均衡是由多台服务器以对称的方式组成一个服务器集合，每台服务器都具有等价的地位，都可以单独对外供应效力而无须其他服务器的辅助。经过某种负载分管技术，将外部发送来的央求均匀分配到对称结构中的某一台服务器上，而接收到央求的服务器独登时回应客户的央求。均衡负载可以平均分配客户央求到服务器列阵，籍此供应快速获取重要数据，解决很多并发访问效力问题。这种群集技术可以用最少的出资取得接近于大型主机的性能。
Ribbon 本地负载均衡客户端 VS Nginx 服务端负载均衡区别
Nginx 是服务器负载均衡，客户端所有请求都会交给nginx， 然后 nginx 实现转发请求。即负载均衡是由服务端实现的。 Ribbon 本地负载均衡，在调用微服务接口的时候，会在注册中心上获取注册信息服务列表后缓存到JVM 本地，从而在本地实现RPC远程 服务调用技术。
下面进行实战
1、测试结果
第一个服务请求了五次
第二个服务请求了三次
这就是负载均衡，还可以继续增加服务
2、两个生产者，这里只是有两个启动类达到生成者的目的，其他和正常服务差不多,没有什么特殊之处，重点看消费者
1 NacosProviderController
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class NacosProviderController {
@GetMapping("/provider")
public String provider() {
System.out.println("==================hello");
return "（provider invoke这里是提供者提供资源）-" + now();
}
}
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2 NacosProviderApplication
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class NacosProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NacosProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
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3 NacosProviderApplication2
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class NacosProviderApplication2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NacosProviderApplication2.class, args);
}
}
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4 application.yml
server:
port: 8086
spring:
application:
name: nacos-provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
logging:
level:
root: info
org.springframework: info
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5 pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.nacos.provider</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-provider</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>nacos-provider</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--nacos依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
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3、消费者
先看看核心代码
nacos-provider是生成者服务
接下来上全部代码 1、pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.nacos.consumer</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>nacos-consumer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--nacos依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.swagger</groupId>
<artifactId>swagger-annotations</artifactId>
<version>1.5.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
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2、application.yml配置
server:
port: 8087
spring:
application:
name: nacos-consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/study_cloud?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
username: root
password: root
main:
allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
logging:
level:
root: info
org.springframework: info
mybatis-plus:
mapper-locations: classpath*:xml
type-aliases-package: com.example.nacosprovider.entity
nacos-provider:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
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3、ConsumerController
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ConsumerController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@ApiOperation("负载均衡")
@GetMapping("/loadBalance")
public String loadBalance() {
//调用生产者微服务
String forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-provider/provider/", String.class);
return "-------" + forObject;
}
}
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最后，测试结果
第一个服务请求了五次
第二个服务请求了三次
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