传统项目管理流程

特点：Linear /No going back/不同的Phase Gate

• Idea - Traditional projects start with an Idea by the owner or team
• Business cases - Business Cases are performed for each concept; often a qualitative and quantitative process
• Bid & Proposal - Project scopes of work are written and competed amongst teams
  1. External vendors will submit bids and proposals to win work against a Request for Proposals
  2. Internal teams will submit budgets and proposals to win allocated funding from a PMO or Portfolio function
• Waterfall Development - each stage is executed sequentially, with limited iteration or "going backward" in stages
  1. Requirements - the process of defining high, medium, and low-level needs of the end users and stakeholders
  2. Design - the process of architecting the solution to meet those requirements within the project contraints
  3. Implementation - the building of the product to specification
  4. Verification - the testing and product to ensure it meets specifications and the requirements' intent
  5. Maintenance - the design of and support of deploying and maintaining the product in operations
  6. Operations - the use of the product to produce benefits to the organization
  7. Disposal - the retirement of the project according to regulations and sustainability practices

Standard Stage Gates: