Flutter中解决输入框(TextField)被键盘遮挡问题
最近在工作中遇到了文本框被输入法遮挡的问题,在网上找了一些方法,一言难尽,现在很多人写技术博客,要不就随便转一转,或者随便一写,也不讲解清楚,或者传图等。个人觉得不好,既然要写技术博客,就要把他写好,可能自己会麻烦点,费点事。但是,如果要写博客,我觉得要尽量让人理解,不要就放个链接,或者放段代码等等,一副只可意会不可言传的表情~~
这是我写博客的初衷,给自己留下知识,也给别人带来知识。尽管你的一篇技术博客内容可能很简单。最近在一本《靠谱》的书中读到一节“让对方听得懂”,也是这么个意思,把读你博客的读者都当成小白,用简练的文字向读者讲述你的知识。
扯远了~
《Flutter的拨云见日》系列文章如下:
1、Flutter中指定字体(全局或者局部,自有字库或第三方)
2、Flutter发布Package(Pub.dev或私有Pub仓库)
3、Flutter中解决输入框(TextField)被键盘遮挡问题
一、Flutter自带文本框自适应输入法buff
首先一个页面如果在buildView中被包裹在Scaffold组件中,那么很幸运Scaffold是自带自适应输入法弹出的,它有一个属性resizeToAvoidBottomInset,用来控制Scaffold组件是否需要自适应输入法弹出,重新计算view的高度,它是默认打开的。
Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: _buildContentView(context) //被ListView或者SingleChildScrollView等滑动控件包裹的TextField
);
效果如下图(如果文本框被输入法遮挡,Scaffold会默认重新计算整个View的高度,其实也就是减去输入法的高度,让文本框滑动不被遮挡):
normal.gif
并且随着输入的字数增加,文本框是可以自适应向上滑动的。自带的就是香~👍👍👍
下面我们看下resizeToAvoidBottomInset设置为false,也就是不自适应输入法的情况,如图:
Scaffold(
resizeToAvoidBottomInset: false,
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: _buildContentView(context) //被ListView或者SingleChildScrollView等滑动控件包裹的TextField
);
_buildContentView(BuildContext context) {
return Container(
padding: EdgeInsets.only(left: 20.0, right: 20.0, top: 20.0, ),
child: Stack(
children: [
///用SingleChildScrollView或者ListView都可以
// SingleChildScrollView(
// child: Column(
// children: [
// Text(
// '''
// ''',
// style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20.0, color: Colors.black),
// ),
// TextField(
// ),
// ],
// )
ListView(
children: [
Text(
'''
''',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20.0, color: Colors.black),
),
TextField(
),
],
)
],
),
);
}
no_resize.gif
二、“变态”需求,文本框全显示
在Part 1中,其实我们可以看到flutter Scaffold已经为大家考虑了文本框被输入法遮挡的问题,文本框也可以根据输入的问题自适应向上滑动,可以木有办法,PO要求文本框全部显示粗来,怎么办? 😩😩😩~
木有办法,只有把民工必备技能使出,只有把度娘、古哥请出来。还真别说,还真是乱七八糟的,没一个讲清楚,讲透的。不是没图没真相,就是贴了一段不知出处的代码。算了算了,实践出真知。
2.1 首先,看图说话,下图确实做到了,输入法弹出是,文本框全显示,👍👍👍(有两把烂刷子~ 😆)
resize_display_all.gif2.2 嗯,前方高能,上一段不知出处的代码👌😯
import 'dart:async';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/rendering.dart';
import 'package:meta/meta.dart';
///
/// Helper class that ensures a Widget is visible when it has the focus
/// For example, for a TextFormField when the keyboard is displayed
///
/// 使用方法:
///
/// In the class that implements the Form,
/// Instantiate a FocusNode
/// FocusNode _focusNode = new FocusNode();
///
/// In the build(BuildContext context), wrap the TextFormField as follows:
///
/// new EnsureVisibleWhenFocused(
/// focusNode: _focusNode,
/// child: new TextFormField(
/// ...
/// focusNode: _focusNode,
/// ),
/// ),
///
/// Initial source code written by Collin Jackson.
/// Extended (see highlighting) to cover the case when the keyboard is dismissed and the
/// user clicks the TextFormField/TextField which still has the focus.
///
class EnsureVisibleWhenFocused extends StatefulWidget {
const EnsureVisibleWhenFocused({
Key key,
@required this.child,
@required this.focusNode,
this.curve: Curves.ease,
this.duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 100),
}) : super(key: key);
/// The node we will monitor to determine if the child is focused
///传入FocusNode,用于监听TextField获取焦点事件
final FocusNode focusNode;
/// The child widget that we are wrapping
final Widget child;
/// The curve we will use to scroll ourselves into view.
///
/// Defaults to Curves.ease.
final Curve curve;
/// The duration we will use to scroll ourselves into view
///
/// Defaults to 100 milliseconds.
final Duration duration;
@override
_EnsureVisibleWhenFocusedState createState() => new _EnsureVisibleWhenFocusedState();
}
///
/// We implement the WidgetsBindingObserver to be notified of any change to the window metrics
///实现WidgetsBindingObserver接口,监听屏幕矩阵变化事件
class _EnsureVisibleWhenFocusedState extends State<EnsureVisibleWhenFocused> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
@override
void initState(){
super.initState();
widget.focusNode.addListener(_ensureVisible); ///监听焦点事件
WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this); ///监听屏幕矩阵是否发生变化
}
@override
void dispose(){
WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
widget.focusNode.removeListener(_ensureVisible);
super.dispose();
}
///
/// This routine is invoked when the window metrics have changed.
/// This happens when the keyboard is open or dismissed, among others.
/// It is the opportunity to check if the field has the focus
/// and to ensure it is fully visible in the viewport when
/// the keyboard is displayed
///屏幕矩阵发生变化时系统调用,如键盘弹出或是收回
@override
void didChangeMetrics(){
super.didChangeMetrics();
if (widget.focusNode.hasFocus){ ///有焦点时,进入滑动显示处理Function
_ensureVisible();
}
}
///
/// This routine waits for the keyboard to come into view.
/// In order to prevent some issues if the Widget is dismissed in the
/// middle of the loop, we need to check the "mounted" property
///
/// This method was suggested by Peter Yuen (see discussion).
///等待键盘显示在屏幕上
Future<Null> _keyboardToggled() async {
if (mounted){
EdgeInsets edgeInsets = MediaQuery.of(context).viewInsets;
while (mounted && MediaQuery.of(context).viewInsets == edgeInsets) {
await new Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 10));
}
}
return;
}
Future<Null> _ensureVisible() async {
// Wait for the keyboard to come into view
await Future.any([new Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 300)), _keyboardToggled()]);
// No need to go any further if the node has not the focus
if (!widget.focusNode.hasFocus){
return;
}
// Find the object which has the focus
//找到Current RenderObjectWidget,获得当前获得焦点的widget,这里既TextField
final RenderObject object = context.findRenderObject();
final RenderAbstractViewport viewport = RenderAbstractViewport.of(object);
// If we are not working in a Scrollable, skip this routine
if (viewport == null) {
return;
}
// Get the Scrollable state (in order to retrieve its offset)
//获取滑动状态,目的是为了获取滑动的offset
ScrollableState scrollableState = Scrollable.of(context);
assert(scrollableState != null);
// Get its offset
ScrollPosition position = scrollableState.position;
double alignment;
///这里需要解释下
///1、position.pixels是指滑动widget,滑动的offset(一般指距离顶部的偏移量(滑出屏幕多少距离))
///2、viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 0.0).offset 这个方法,可以看下源码
/// 他有一个alignment参数,0.0 代表显示在顶部,0.5代表显示在中间,1.0代表显示在底部
/// offset是指view显示在三个位置时距离顶部的偏移量
/// 他们两者相比较就可以知道当前滑动widget是需要向上还是向下滑动,来完全显示TextField
///判断TextField处于顶部时是否全部显示,需不需下滑来完整显示
if (position.pixels > viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 0.0).offset) {
// Move down to the top of the viewport
alignment = 0.0;
///判断TextField处于低部时是否全部显示,需不需上滑来完整显示
} else if (position.pixels < viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 1.0).offset){
// Move up to the bottom of the viewport
alignment = 1.0;
} else {
// No scrolling is necessary to reveal the child
return;
}
//这是ScrollPosition的内部方法,将给定的view 滚动到给定的位置,
//alignment的意义和上面描述的一致, 三种位置顶部,底部,中间
position.ensureVisible(
object,
alignment: alignment,
duration: widget.duration,
curve: widget.curve,
);
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return widget.child;
}
}
这里的不可描述代码挺长的,其实仔细看并不复杂,有很多基本我已经进行了中文解释。大家多看代码
1、传入FocusNode,这里是为了监听TextField获取焦点情况
2、实现WidgetsBindingObserver接口,是为了监听屏幕矩阵变化(输入法弹出或收回)
3、在didChangeMetrics()方法中接受屏幕矩阵变化,进入滑动逻辑处理方法_ensureVisible()
4、在_ensureVisible()方法中首先会进行300毫秒的循环等待,等待输入法显示在屏幕中
5、然后获取当前获取焦点的RenderObject
// Find the object which has the focus
final RenderObject object = context.findRenderObject();
final RenderAbstractViewport viewport = RenderAbstractViewport.of(object);
6、获取滑动widget的ScrollPosition,实则是为了获取滑动的偏移量(也就是滑出屏幕距离)
// Get the Scrollable state (in order to retrieve its offset)
ScrollableState scrollableState = Scrollable.of(context);
assert(scrollableState != null);
// Get its offset
ScrollPosition position = scrollableState.position;
7、先解释viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 0.0).offset方法,可以看下源码,他有一个alignment参数,0.0 代表显示在顶部,0.5代表显示在中间,1.0代表显示在底部。offset是指view显示在三个位置时距离顶部的偏移量
///判断TextField处于顶部时是否全部显示,需不需下滑来完整显示
if (position.pixels > viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 0.0).offset) {
// Move down to the top of the viewport
alignment = 0.0;
///判断TextField处于低部时是否全部显示,需不需上滑来完整显示
} else if (position.pixels < viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 1.0).offset){
// Move up to the bottom of the viewport
alignment = 1.0;
} else {
// No scrolling is necessary to reveal the child
return;
}
7.1 position.pixels > viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 0.0).offset 代表这种情况
image.png image.png
7.2 position.pixels < viewport.getOffsetToReveal(object, 1.0).offset 代表这种情况
image.png
8、根据7中比较得出的alignment也就是需要显示的位置,调用ScrollPosition内部方法滑动至指定位置
//这是ScrollPosition的内部方法,将给定的view 滚动到给定的位置,
//alignment的意义和上面描述的一致, 三种位置顶部,底部,中间
position.ensureVisible(
object,
alignment: alignment,
duration: widget.duration,
curve: widget.curve,
);
文字多有难懂,意乱,该用图时就用图,上图
第一个TextField的位置是alignment = 0.0, 底下那个TextField的位置是alignment = 1.0
滑动位置根据alignment.gif
2.3 使用方法
代码中也是讲到了,其实他就是一个包装类,将TextField用EnsureVisibleWhenFocused类包裹就可以,并讲FocusNode传入,因为它需要监听焦点
EnsureVisibleWhenFocused(
focusNode: _contentFocusNode,
child: TextField(
),
),
三、全显需求解决,还剩下一个问题
因为有时候我们使用ListView或者ScrollView,然后这些滑动View中有文本框,我们在页面底部需要有一个Submit或者Next按钮。 这需求并不变态,常规操作。
如图:
底部固定悬浮按钮.png
实现底部固定悬浮按钮,想必大家都知道,类似于android中的FrameLayout,在Flutter中我们可以使用Stack和Positioned两个widget实现。 这不难。
嗯~ 实现个这个有什么难度,小case!!!
可是当你再一点文本框输入时,你傻脸了,什么鬼? 底部固定悬浮按钮跟着输入框一起上来了, ̄□ ̄||.png什么原因?我是谁?我在哪?因为前面说过Scaffold默认会打开重新计算View高度的设置,而布局是Stack的,Next按钮使用Positioned布局在离底部38.0px的地方,自然就出现在输入法上面了~~~
但是又不能把Scaffold设置关掉,因为关了文本框又不会自适应滑动了~
Stack(
children: [
ListView(
children: [],
),
Positioned(
bottom: 38.0,
left: 0,
right: 0,
child: MaterialButton(
),
),
],
),
大写尴尬~
后面思考了下,还是有办法滴~
主要是有两种方式:
3.1 第一种估计都能想到,监听键盘弹出事件,来隐藏或者显示Next按钮
既然想到就开始action吧~,
1、这里我用了第三方库来获取键盘弹出事件--->flutter_keyboard_visibility: 3.2.2
2、自己动手类似于Part 2中一样继承StatefullWidget,自己捣鼓一个监听键盘的包装类
import 'dart:async';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/rendering.dart';
import 'package:flutter_keyboard_visibility/flutter_keyboard_visibility.dart';
import 'package:meta/meta.dart';
class EnsureButtonVisibleWhenFocused extends StatefulWidget {
const EnsureButtonVisibleWhenFocused({
Key key,
@required this.child,
}) : super(key: key);
/// The child widget that we are wrapping
final Widget child;
@override
_EnsureVisibleWhenFocusedState createState() => new _EnsureVisibleWhenFocusedState();
}
class _EnsureVisibleWhenFocusedState extends State<EnsureButtonVisibleWhenFocused> {
bool isKeyboardVisible = false;
@override
void initState(){
super.initState();
KeyboardVisibility.onChange.listen((isKeyboardVisible) {
if(this.mounted) {
setState(() {
this.isKeyboardVisible = isKeyboardVisible;
});
}
});
}
@override
void dispose(){
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return isKeyboardVisible ? SizedBox() : widget.child;
}
}
3、将监听键盘包装类EnsureButtonVisibleWhenFocused包裹Next Button
EnsureButtonVisibleWhenFocused(
child: Positioned(
bottom: 38.0,
left: 0,
right: 0,
child: MaterialButton(
),
),
)
4、成品展示,铛铛铛铛~
resize_display_all_with_next_display.gif
3.2 是不是感觉方法一过于繁琐?魔改从无止境~
1、在Page页面的build方法中加入
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
double bottom = MediaQuery.of(context).viewInsets.bottom; ///这里bottom为0说明键盘没有弹出,>0则是键盘弹出
}
2、在Positioned中加入如下鬼魅逻辑O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
Positioned(
bottom: bottom > 0 ? 100.0 * -1 : 38.0, ///键盘弹出时,给Positioned的bottom设置负值,
///那么它肯定被遗落在看不见的边边jiaojiao
///当键盘收回时,给其设置正常的bottom就粗现了
left: 0,
right: 0,
child: MaterialButton(
),
)
3、效果和3.1出奇的一致,不贴图了,去试试吧~
四、收队
一上午加一中午,写博客实属不易,很简单的东西,要全部写出来,写清楚,讲明白,还是很耗费时间的,我既然写,就要把它写清楚,讲明白,这是我的初衷。希望是偶确实写清楚,讲明白的。如有不明白,欢迎留言,偶们一起探讨,为您解忧。也有助于偶更好的写清楚,讲明白~
今天就到这吧~ 休息休息会儿
申明:禁用于商业用途,如若转载,请附带原文链接。https://www.jianshu.com/p/5bf431c5d03d蟹蟹~
PS: 写文不易,觉得没有浪费你时间,请给个点赞~ 😁