Java并发锁之ReentrantLock和ReentrantR

锁类型:

可重入锁：在执行对象中所有同步方法不用再次获得锁
可中断锁：在等待获取锁过程中可中断
公平锁： 按等待获取锁的线程的等待时间进行获取，等待时间长的具有优先获取锁权利
读写锁：对资源读取和写入的时候拆分为2部分处理，读的时候可以多线程一起读，写的时候必须同步地写

Lock主要方法:

lock()：获取锁，如果锁被暂用则一直等待
unlock():释放锁
tryLock(): 注意返回类型是boolean，如果获取锁的时候锁被占用就返回false，否则返回true
tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit)：比起tryLock()就是给了一个时间期限，保证等待参数时间
lockInterruptibly()：用该锁的获得方式，如果线程在获取锁的阶段进入了等待，那么可以中断此线程，先去做别的事

ReentrantLock:

lock()样例:

public class LockTest {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    //需要参与同步的方法
    private void method(Thread thread){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println("线程名"+thread.getName() + "获得了锁");
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println("线程名"+thread.getName() + "释放了锁");
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LockTest lockTest = new LockTest();

        //线程1
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                lockTest.method(Thread.currentThread());
            }
        }, "t1");

        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                lockTest.method(Thread.currentThread());
            }
        }, "t2");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
//执行情况：线程名t1获得了锁
//         线程名t1释放了锁
//         线程名t2获得了锁
//         线程名t2释放了锁

tryLock()样例:

public class LockTest {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    //需要参与同步的方法
    private void method(Thread thread){
/*      lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println("线程名"+thread.getName() + "获得了锁");
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println("线程名"+thread.getName() + "释放了锁");
            lock.unlock();
        }*/


        if(lock.tryLock()){
            try {
                System.out.println("线程名"+thread.getName() + "获得了锁");
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                System.out.println("线程名"+thread.getName() + "释放了锁");
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }else{
            System.out.println("我是"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"有人占着锁，我就不要啦");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LockTest lockTest = new LockTest();

        //线程1
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                lockTest.method(Thread.currentThread());
            }
        }, "t1");

        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                lockTest.method(Thread.currentThread());
            }
        }, "t2");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
//执行结果： 线程名t2获得了锁
//         我是t1有人占着锁，我就不要啦
//         线程名t2释放了锁

使用Lock时可以使用新的等待/通知类Condition,Condition一定是针对某一把固定的锁，也就是说，只有在有锁的基础上才会产生Condition
Condition样例:

public class UseCondition {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    public void method1(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入等待状态..");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁..");
            //释放锁，类似于 Object wait，阻塞于此
            condition.await();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +"继续执行...");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void method2(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入..");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "发出唤醒..");
            //不释放锁类，似于Object notify
            condition.signal();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "没有释放锁");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final UseCondition uc = new UseCondition();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                uc.method1();
            }
        }, "t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                uc.method2();
            }
        }, "t2");
        t1.start();

        t2.start();
    }
}

实现原理:ReentrantLock 实现原理

ReentrantReadWriteLock:

读写锁的机制本质上分为两把锁，读锁和写锁，在读锁情况下，多个线程可以并发访问资源，只有当是写锁时只能一个一个的顺序执行。
读读共享，写写互斥，读写互斥

public class UseReentrantReadWriteLock {
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock = rwLock.readLock();
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();

    public void read() {
        try {
            readLock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void write() {
        try {
            writeLock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            writeLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final UseReentrantReadWriteLock urrw = new UseReentrantReadWriteLock();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.read();
            }
        }, "t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.read();
            }
        }, "t2");
        Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.write();
            }
        }, "t3");
        Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.write();
            }
        }, "t4");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        //      t1.start(); // R
        //      t3.start(); // W
        t3.start();
        t4.start();
    }
}

实现原理:轻松掌握java读写锁(ReentrantReadWriteLock)的实现原理

参考:Java并发之重入锁+读写锁

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