Grub文件的破坏与修复
2020-04-09 本文已影响0人
Stone_説
1. grub第1阶段
1.1 破坏BootLoader
[root@centos6 ~]# cd /boot/grub/
[root@centos6 grub]# ls
device.map ffs_stage1_5 jfs_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 stage2 xfs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5 grub.conf menu.lst splash.xpm.gz ufs2_stage1_5
fat_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 stage1 vstafs_stage1_5
[root@centos6 grub]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000 eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00 b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0 |.H..............|
00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......|
000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........|
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8a c7 0c 00 00 00 80 20 |............... |
000001c0 21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 aa |!...(....... ...|
000001d0 29 82 83 fe ff ff 00 08 20 00 00 80 1a 06 00 fe |)....... .......|
000001e0 ff ff 83 fe ff ff 00 88 3a 06 00 00 71 02 00 fe |........:...q...|
000001f0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff 00 88 ab 08 00 78 54 10 55 aa |...........xT.U.|
00000200
[root@centos6 grub]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446
446+0 records in
446+0 records out
446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.000783816 s, 569 kB/s
[root@centos6 grub]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... |
000001c0 21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 aa |!...(....... ...|
000001d0 29 82 83 fe ff ff 00 08 20 00 00 80 1a 06 00 fe |)....... .......|
000001e0 ff ff 83 fe ff ff 00 88 3a 06 00 00 71 02 00 fe |........:...q...|
000001f0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff 00 88 ab 08 00 78 54 10 55 aa |...........xT.U.|
00000200
[root@centos6 grub]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 -v
00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001d0 29 82 83 fe ff ff 00 08 20 00 00 80 1a 06 00 fe |)....... .......|
000001e0 ff ff 83 fe ff ff 00 88 3a 06 00 00 71 02 00 fe |........:...q...|
000001f0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff 00 88 ab 08 00 78 54 10 55 aa |...........xT.U.|
00000200
1.2 重启并查看错误状态
开机画面.png
进入救援模式.png
1.3 进入救援模式
修复.png
查看结果.png
1.4 修复成功
修复成功.png
NOTE：用上述方式修复，具有一定的局限性，就是/boot/grub中的文件一定要在文件夹中，如下所示：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /boot/grub
[root@localhost grub]# ls
device.map ffs_stage1_5 jfs_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 stage2 xfs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5 grub.conf menu.lst splash.xpm.gz ufs2_stage1_5
fat_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 stage1 vstafs_stage1_5
如果grub文件被整体移除，则需要使用以下方法进行修复。
2. grub第1.5阶段
2.1 破环分区（修复方法二）
[root@localhost ~]# cd /boot/grub
[root@localhost grub]# ls
device.map ffs_stage1_5 jfs_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 stage2 xfs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5 grub.conf menu.lst splash.xpm.gz ufs2_stage1_5
fat_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 stage1 vstafs_stage1_5
[root@localhost grub]# mv * /data/
[root@localhost grub]# pwd
/boot/grub
[root@localhost grub]# ls
[root@localhost grub]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446
446+0 records in
446+0 records out
446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.00132816 s, 336 kB/s
[root@localhost grub]# hexdump -C -n 512 /dev/sda
00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... |
000001c0 21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 aa |!...(....... ...|
000001d0 29 82 83 fe ff ff 00 08 20 00 00 80 1a 06 00 fe |)....... .......|
000001e0 ff ff 83 fe ff ff 00 88 3a 06 00 00 71 02 00 fe |........:...q...|
000001f0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff 00 88 ab 08 00 78 54 10 55 aa |...........xT.U.|
00000200
2.2 尝试用第一种方法修复
[root@localhost grub]# grub
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
[ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB
lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
completions of a device/filename.]
grub> root (hd0,0)
root (hd0,0)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub> setup (hd0)
setup (hd0)
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no
Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no
Error 15t: File not found
grub> quit
quit
使用第一种方法进行修复，发现不可行
2.3 使用grub-install命令修复
[root@localhost grub]# grub-install /dev/sda
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
(fd0) /dev/fd0
(hd0) /dev/sda
[root@localhost grub]# hexdump -C -n 512 /dev/sda
00000000 eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.H..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02 |................|
00000040 ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00 00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |... ............|
00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......|
00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r|
00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.|
00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......|
000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........|
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... |
000001c0 21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 aa |!...(....... ...|
000001d0 29 82 83 fe ff ff 00 08 20 00 00 80 1a 06 00 fe |)....... .......|
000001e0 ff ff 83 fe ff ff 00 88 3a 06 00 00 71 02 00 fe |........:...q...|
000001f0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff 00 88 ab 08 00 78 54 10 55 aa |...........xT.U.|
00000200
NOTE：修复成功
2.4 破坏1.5阶段
[root@localhost grub]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=10240 seek=512
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10240 bytes (10 kB) copied, 0.0157677 s, 649 kB/s
[root@localhost grub]# hexdump -C -n 10240 /dev/sda
00000000 eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.H..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02 |................|
00000040 ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00 00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |... ............|
00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......|
00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r|
00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.|
00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......|
000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........|
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... |
000001c0 21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 aa |!...(....... ...|
000001d0 29 82 83 fe ff ff 00 08 20 00 00 80 1a 06 00 fe |)....... .......|
000001e0 ff ff 83 fe ff ff 00 88 3a 06 00 00 71 02 00 fe |........:...q...|
000001f0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff 00 88 ab 08 00 78 54 10 55 aa |...........xT.U.|
00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00002800
2.5 进入救援模式
救援模式.png
设置启动项.png
2.6 将conf文件补齐
[root@localhost ~]# cd /boot/grub/
[root@localhost grub]# ls
device.map fat_stage1_5 grub.conf jfs_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 stage2 vstafs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5 ffs_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 stage1 ufs2_stage1_5 xfs_stage1_5
[root@localhost grub]# vim grub.conf ^C
[root@localhost grub]# cat grub.conf
default=0
timeout=5
title test linux
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 root=/dev/sda2
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
2.7 重启，修复成功
image.png
image.png
