笃学奖-Topic2 -A16480 Original-Uban
Day 1-2
Vocabulary
1. superdeluxe adj. 超豪华的
deluxe [də'lʌks] adj. adv.
adj.of special elegance, sumptuousness, or fineness; high or highest in quality, luxury, etc.:
e.g. a deluxe hotel
adv. in a luxurious or sumptuous manner:
e.g. We always travel deluxe.
2. reciprocating machine 复式机械，活塞式机械
3. cyclotron [ˈsaɪkləˌtrɒn] n.
(Physics) an accelerator in which particles are propelled in spiral paths by the use of a constant magnetic field.
4. spunk [spʌŋk] n.
(informal) courage or spirit
Derived Forms spunky adj. spunkily adv.
5. solitude ['sɑlə.tud] n.
the state of being alone, especially when you find this pleasant
6. luminous [ˈluːminəs] adj.
very bright in colour 鲜艳的，明亮的
lighted up or illuminated; well-lighted E.g.the luminous ballroom.
7. short adj.
(informal) 冒傻气的；不大聪明的stupid; not very intelligent
(informal) ~ on sth 缺乏，缺少（某种品质）lacking or not having enough of a particular quality
8.legion ['liːdʒ(ə)n] n./adj.
① any great number of persons or things; multitude= mass
② a division of the Roman army, usually comprising 3000 to 6000 soldiers.
9. sublime [sə'blaɪm] adj.
① elevated or lofty in thought, language, etc. E.g. Paradise Lost is sublime poetry.
② supreme or outstanding: E.g.a sublime dinner.
10. entitlement [ɪn'taɪt(ə)lmənt] n.
the act of entitling （拥有某物或做某事的）权利
E.g. That's the meaning of President Obama's often-quoted line, "healthcare reform is entitlement reform."
11. wrestle ['res(ə)l] v./n. 摔跤
v. to contend, as in a struggle for mastery; grapple/ to struggle to deal with sth that is difficult 努力处理；全力解决
E.g. to wrestle with one's conscience
Phrases
there’s no doubt that ... 毫无疑问
There's no doubt that this project is unacceptable
refer to 查阅；提到
bring to life 使...有生命力 = animate
busy doing sth 忙于做某事= be busy with sth
Mr. Smith is busy translating a short story into French.
sink into 陷入，坠入
tingle up the spine
spine: 感到刺痛 to feel as if a lot of small sharp points are pushing into it
tingle with sth 强烈地感到 to feel an emotion strongly
in the pursuit of 追求， 奉行
come up with = ① invent ideas ② in respond to need
in the field of 在…领域,在……方面,在领域的
spin webs 蜘蛛知网
go on excursion 去远足
grieve for :to feel very sad, especially because sb has died
SYN mourn for/ lament
"许多的”表达：scores of, an army of, dozens of, legions of, thousands of
背景知识
Phil Donahue
He is an American media personality, writer, and film producer. He best known as the creator and host of The Phil Donahue Show. The television program, also known as Donahue, was the first talk show format that included audienceparticipation.His shows have often focused on issues that divide liberals and conservatives in the United States, such as abortion, consumer protection, civil rights and war issues.
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Augustus Lindbergh nicknamed The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his Orteig Prize–winning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris. He covered the 33 1⁄2-hour, 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km) alone in a single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane, Spirit of St. Louis. This was the first solo transatlantic flight, and the first non-stop flight between North America and mainland Europe. Lindbergh was an officer in the U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve, and he received the United States' highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for the feat.
Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun was an aerospace engineer and space architect credited with inventing the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany and the Saturn V for the United States. He was one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany, where he was a member of the Nazi Party.Following World War II,von Braun worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program before his group was assimilated into NASA. Under NASA, he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V launch vehicle, the superbooster that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. In 1975, he received the National Medal of Science. He continued insisting on the human mission to Mars throughout his life.
Crusaders
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, especially the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean aimed at recovering the Holy Land from Islamic rule. The term "Crusades" is also applied to other church-sanctioned campaigns fought to combat paganism and heresy, to resolve conflict among rival Roman Catholic groups, or to gain political or territorial advantage.
Charter
从八世纪起，就已是朝圣的圣地，也曾经是法国占地最大的教堂，波旁王朝的法王亨利四世曾在此登基加冕，后来被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产。夏特尔的教堂其实在最初修建时是罗马风格的，修复时就转向了哥特风格。
catechism
基督教的）教理问答 a set of questions and answers that are used for teaching people about the beliefs of the Christian religion
Catechism is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of children and adult converts.The term catechumen refers to the designated recipient of the catechetical work or instruction. In the Catholic Church, catechumens are those who are preparing to receive the Sacrament of Baptism.Early catecheticals emerged from Greco-Roman messianism, especially the late Mithraists meant to educate their members into the secretive teachings, which gave way to the Christian Church as an underground religion in the 1st to 4th centuries CE.[2] Today, they are characteristic of Western Christianity but are also present in Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
Guild
A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of tradesmen. They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, trade union, a cartel, and a secret society.
Day 3-4
神句
1. All the money would have been worthless if legions of craftsmen hadn’t been willing to dedicate their skills and often their lives to making this not just another building, but a monument to human achievement.
如果众多的手工艺者不愿意将他们的技艺和他们的精力奉献于不是铸就另一座成就的大厦，而是人类成就的纪念碑。
要不是大批工匠们愿意奉献他们的技能甚至生命来打造一座人类丰功纪念碑，而不仅仅
是又一建筑，所有的钱就都毫无意义。
2. Certainly no other creature could conceive and create something of such sublime beauty. Case closed? Hardly.
必定没有其他人可以想象并创造出如此超群的美好的事物。像名侦探柯南那般智慧的人，几乎也是不可能的。
毫无疑问，没有任何其他一种生物能够构思并建造出如此美轮美奂的杰作。故事到此结束了吗？远远没有。
case closed : 本来指法庭结案，此处为到此为止
3. Some of the workers may well have been veterans of the First Crusade, an expedition to save the Holy Land from the infidel Muslims that was part religious frenzy, part military adventure, and part social fad.
有些工人很可能是第一次十字东征军的老兵。十字东征是一次去从异教徒穆斯林中拯救圣地的远征，那些异教徒部分是宗教狂热分子，有些是军事狂热分子，有的则是社交狂热者。
有些工人很可能参加过第一次十字军东征，这是一场从异教徒穆斯林手中拯救圣土的远征，既出于宗教狂热，又属于军事冒险，还可算作是社会热潮。
Well have been里面的well非常值得关注，表示程度之高
如He is well into his 40s他已经四十好几岁了.
4. We like to think that our erratic behavior is a thing of the past, that we’ve outgrown the excesses of the Crusades. But nothing could be further from truth.
我们习惯认为我们古怪的行为是过去的事，现在我们已经完全成长到不会滥用去东征。但是事实并不是这样。
我们倾向于认为这种疯狂行为只存在于过去，现在的我们早已进步，不会重蹈十字军东征的覆辙。但事实相去甚远。
Nothing could be further from truth.非常好用的固定词组。没有什么比这更远离事实的了=与事实想去甚远。
神词组
1. Remarkable phenomenon 非凡的现象 了不起的现象
2. Scores of musicians/ an army of people 许多的音乐家、许多人 大量的音乐家/大批人群
n/n(pl) of = many 许多的
3. How far we human have come in such a short time 在如此短的时间我们可以达到多远的成就
在如此短暂的时间里成就如此之多
How far we have come:走过了多远的一段路，很形象的常见用法
4. The sight of …. Is almost enough to make a believer of even the most skeptical.
只需一眼就可以信服或是怀疑 看到.....足以让最质疑的人都心悦诚服。
Make sth （out） of sth 将....制成....即将.....转变为...
5. Medieval equivalent of the modern effort 现代伟绩的中世纪版本
6. Reshape our destiny 重塑我们的命运 重塑命运
7. Set goals/pursue goals 追求目标 制定/追求目标
8. Be ashamed of … 感到羞愧，惭愧 为....感到羞耻
9. Fall for …. 爱上，倾心 ① fall in love with ② be duped by something: to be deceived by sth
为....而神魂颠倒
10. Alternate between… 轮流 在....之间交替
11. Wrestle with sth = hard struggle E.g. a wrestle with one's conscience 与良心搏斗
.相当于struggle with sth挣扎
12. Get off the ground 发射、离开地面 起步，起飞
13. Contradictory drives 对敌阵的攻势 相互矛盾的力量
逻辑导图
笃学奖-Topic2 -A16480 Original-Uband精读
导师逻辑导图
反思：自己的图 在beast 方面划分可以在细致一些。语言可以再简练。
Day 5
Although we can not deny the bad of our nature, as a matter of fact, we could do something. From my perspective, whatever we do, we should keep our conscience. Just as John Kenneth Galbraith in his article, "how to keep the poor off our conscience", argues that we should provide the social welfare to help the poor rather than to be blame the poor. It's not easy to hold it all the time, but we could be more considerate of other's feeling. Selfless will never bring you happiness. Just in our daily life, for example, when we driving, we could pay more patient and don't jostle against the other. When we getting on the bus which delayed long time, we are still able to line in a queue. For a long time, good and polite behaviours will become your habits. Although we are all ordinary people, even we do the slight things, we could do great achievements all together. On the other hand, we should keep compassion. When we meet the people who suffer the misery, we could not be indifferent. Just as the dialogues in the movie,"all for one and one for all". So just do something, to change yourself. We all are the intergal and have a same name human being.
Day 6
复盘
